Essays on Death and Suicide - Waiting for Death :: Personal Narrative Writing

Personal Narrative- Waiting for DeathShe suspects she has only ever had one true affair with the knife, and all those since have been meager attempts at regurgitation, superficial rivalries borne of intention and tainted by the anticlimax of recreation. She sits daily watching the synthetic roses, virulent with red, fluoresce persistently on the porch. Moth bitten, with broken stems and a hairline crack cart track the length of the ceramic pot that marks their station on the brick step. She sits observing their activity, disassociates herself from the solemn sermon their blushing heads deliver, ducking in the wind. Waiting for something to happen. She has upset, or perceives she has lost (and looks for death on the horizon because she fears she has lost) the ability to make things occur. How useful youth was in the day to day creation of happenings. Now she has displaced the seasons, and the pleasant expanse of nothingness, a featureless backdrop, assimilates itself to her emotion less countenance, as she welcomes the weather. Her fathers house, in the Polish town. Its healthy walls, its strong bone structure. She found it easily, buried knee-deep in the politic winter, and enquired of the locals as to whether anyone currently resided there. They regarded her, not more obliging than they were wary, with the heavy, knowing gaze of people carrying the burden of the past both pervasive and private. Her accent was rusty, the native play had long since been liberated a stray cut loose from its derelict cultural confinement. She spoke in dislocated dialogue the secure, prosaic manner of speaking of dinner parties and familial get-togethers. Of pleasantries exchanged between well-wishing strangers. Broken German from an elementary text-book. How she hated the sluggish tongue, the barren vowels that tripped reluctantly from the lips, imprisoned by the teeth. The English language seemed a positive ballad of elegant syllables. She had wished never to hear these sunken verbs again. She had tried to forget it all, but they spoke with a dramatic flourish, demanding that she remember, their tone instructive and intense with purpose. Those primitive villagers, deeply set in their archaic ways, the spit in the palm. Such old gestures seem a blessing on unimaginative bones, bones of gypsy ancestry wrapped in incense and adorned with elaborate jewelry. She briefly caught the delicate, sickly scent of patchouli and lavender, an odor that seeped from their pores, traveled on the breath and suggested unrelenting hardship and wisdom and infinite strength.

Strong Shadows :: essays research papers

1. I believe that Dr. Zuger chose the people she did because she was trying to get a striking amount of differences of infections the patients could contract and also show the patients similarities in life-style and the similarities in the way in which they grew up to try and educate people on the lifestyle one must live to put oneself at higher risk for contracting this terrible disease. The characters all seemed to have come from a home without lots love from their family members, or they had something major missing in their life that could have caused a great amount of stress not normally experienced in an average persons life. All of them were uneducated and careless leading us to believe that Dr. Zuger was trying to show that education and responsibility are the best shipway to preserve ones contraction of this disease. Some of them got HIV from reckless lifestyles such as drug use involving needle sharing to prostitution while others got it merely by having charge up with casual partners. The decision to pick this array of patients again strengthens the fact that Dr. Zuger is trying to tell us that it is possible to get AIDS in many ways and that just because one is having casual sex does not mean that he is immune from its effects. These are probably a few reasons why Dr. Zuger chose them for her book. 2. The mankind vice that Deborah Sweet possessed was that she was untrustworthy, she was always trying to get Dr. Zuger to get something for her such as prescriptions for drugs that would sell on the street or get her to write her a note to be allowed to miss court. The human frailty that Michael Soto has was when he first got the HIV virus and when he was using drugs. He is a very minute and willing patient and does not want to burden others with his problems. This shortcoming was very hard to decide on because he was such a good person.Cynthia Wilsons human frailty was that she needs sponsor and that she is uneducated. She thinks that they shou ld just be able to fix her problem without a problem and without delay. She seems to be very ungrateful for all the help she is receiving. She also does not know how to teach her children how to avoid becoming like her.

Huck Finn :: essays research papers

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain, is a story of a young man who finds himself in many uncertain situations. In the novel, Huck is constantlychanging his setting. Either he is on the land, at the shore of the mighty Mississippi river, or upon a small quid floating downstream. Since Huck lives on both the shore and the river, the subscriber is able to comp ar the differences between them. To Huck the river has sense of cededom. Compared to life on the shore, Huck believes the river should be his home. For his companion, the runaway slave, Jim, life is always dangerous because of the price on his head. Also there are always hidden hazards that can pop up at any time. Huck Finn, the son of the town drunkard, has had a wakeless time living with the Widow Douglas and her sister, Miss Watson. Huck grew up living wild verboten in the open, just going as he pleased. direct he living in a house, with two ladies that are very strict with manners. Although, he doesnt ru naway back to the woods, he still wishes he could go back to the easy living in the uncivilized outdoors. When Hucks take learns of his wealth, he kidnaps Huck, and takes him back to acabin on the new(prenominal) side of the river. After repeated beatings Huck escapes and makes the scene look as if he had been murdered. He then hides on Jackson Island, and returns to his life of freedom. Also on the Island is Jim, Miss Watsons runaway slave. After finding out that the men of the town are searching for Jim, the two load up on a raft and sail down the river. Hucks life has changed very drastically through with(predicate) these course of events. When he was living in town he learned manners, and how to be civilized. Now he is floating peacefully down the Mississippi River without a care in the world. For Jim, life on the river is always threatening. They essential travel at night, and hide during the days. Jims plan is to go to the Ohio river, and travel north into the free states. One night, in a storm they float prehistorical Cairo and cannot sail back upstream, to the Ohio. Jims secret is put in jeopardy, when two frauds, are picked up by Huck. They ask Huck about the forepart of Jim, on the raft, but Huck is very clever with his answer.Huck Finn essays research papers The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain, is a story of a young man who finds himself in many unpredictable situations. In the novel, Huck is constantlychanging his setting. Either he is on the land, at the shore of the mighty Mississippi river, or upon a small raft floating downstream. Since Huck lives on both the shore and the river, the reader is able to compare the differences between them. To Huck the river has sense of freedom. Compared to life on the shore, Huck believes the river should be his home. For his companion, the runaway slave, Jim, life is always dangerous because of the price on his head. Also there are always hidden hazards that can pop up at any time. Huck Finn, the son of the town drunkard, has had a hard time living with the Widow Douglas and her sister, Miss Watson. Huck grew up living wild out in the open, just going as he pleased. Now he living in a house, with two ladies that are very strict with manners. Although, he doesnt runaway back to the woods, he still wishes he could go back to the easy living in the uncivilized outdoors. When Hucks father learns of his wealth, he kidnaps Huck, and takes him back to acabin on the other side of the river. After repeated beatings Huck escapes and makes the scene look as if he had been murdered. He then hides on Jackson Island, and returns to his life of freedom. Also on the Island is Jim, Miss Watsons runaway slave. After finding out that the men of the town are searching for Jim, the two load up on a raft and sail down the river. Hucks life has changed very drastically through these course of events. When he was living in town he learned manners, and how to be civilized. Now he is floati ng peacefully down the Mississippi River without a care in the world. For Jim, life on the river is always threatening. They must travel at night, and hide during the days. Jims plan is to go to the Ohio river, and travel north into the free states. One night, in a storm they float past Cairo and cannot sail back upstream, to the Ohio. Jims secret is put in jeopardy, when two frauds, are picked up by Huck. They ask Huck about the presence of Jim, on the raft, but Huck is very clever with his answer.

Moses Herzogs Confused Identity Essay -- Literature Narration Papers

Moses Herzogs Confused Identity While Moses Herzog sits in the Chicago police station after he has crashed his rental car, the narrator of capital of Minnesota Bellows work exclaims angrily, See Moses? We dont know one another (299). This is the lone moment in the book where the narrator explicitly suggests some separation between himself and Herzog. much of the rest of the novel provides an unclear division between the narrator and the main character. I would argue that this unclear division occurs because these two figures, the narrator and Herzog, are in fact the same person. There are small logistical hints in the text that this is true. But these small elements of the text exist alongside much large similarities between Herzog, and the narrator. In the largest sense, the uncertainty, the subjectivity that the narrator evinces in telling Herzogs story shows just how similar he is to the character he is describing. In the end purge the quote that began this paper, the rema rk that ostensibly creates the strongest division between the narrator and Herzog, is evidence that these two figures are really the same - that Herzog is really narrating his own story. The most perceptible element of the book that suggests some conflation of the narrator and Herzog is the narrators confused pronoun use for Herzog. On occasion, the narrator confusingly refers to Herzog not in the third person as he but instead in the first person as I, seemingly adopting Herzogs voice. Some of the times that this happens, it seems a stylistic device, such as when the narration is inclined in Herzogs voice, directly after Herzogs letters. Herzog writes to Madeleines mother Tennie, before thinking about what he has just written Its in the vault, in Pitts... ...rose colored glasses. Similarly, Herzog having this randy go would not allow the narrator to empathize with, and thus understand Nachman. But it does. The narrator is, and would only be able to utilize Herzogs own emotiona l perception in narrating the story, because the narrator is Herzog. The confused pronoun references throughout the text strongly suggest that the narrator and Herzog are one. But the less overt moments, where the reader is brought to see the emotional closeness of Herzog and the narrator, are the truly convincing signals that these two figures are one. Even the question that ostensibly sets the two figures apart, in fact contains many of the similarities between the two figures. When Moses tells himself, See Moses? We dont know one another, Moses is, in fact, keeping with all the uncertainties that define him as a character.

Essay on Euthanasia and Doctor-Assisted Suicide -- Euthanasia Physicia

Understanding Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide This paper will address some of the more than popular points of interest involved with the euthanasia-assisted suicide discussion. There argon less than a dozen questions which would come to mind in the case of the average undivided who has a mild interest in this debate, and the following essay presents information which would satisfy that individuals curiosity on these points of common interest. Euthanasia and assisted suicide are legal in the state of Oregon and in the country of the Netherlands these are the only two jurisdictions in the world where laws specifically permit euthanasia or assisted suicide. Oregon permits assisted suicide.(Oregon) The Netherlands permits both euthanasia and assisted suicide.(Review) In 1995 Australias Northern ground approved a euthanasia bill.(Rights) It went into effect in 1996 just now was oerturned by the Australian Parliament in 1997. Also, in 1997, Colombias Supreme Court ruled that penaltie s for mercy killing should be removed.(Republic) However the ruling does non go into effect until guidelines, still to be drafted, are approved by the Colombian Congress. The difference between euthanasia and assisted suicide is seen this way iodine way to distinguish them is to look at the last bet - the act without which death would not occur. Using this distinction, if a third party performs the last act that intentionally causes a patients death, euthanasia has occurred. For example, giving a patient a lethal injection or putting a plastic bag over her head to suffocate her would be considered euthanasia. On the other hand, if the person who dies performs the last act, assisted suicide has taken place. Thus it would be assisted suicid... ...1 Medscape. Available at http//www.medscape.com/Medscape/psychiatry/clinicalMgmt/CM.v03/pnt-CM.v03.html, citing Jamison K.R., Night Falls Fast, New York, NY Alfred Knopf 1999. Accessed 3/19/01. Oregons Death with Dignity Act (ORS 127.8 00-897) passed in November 1994 and went into effect in 1997. Republic of Colombia Constitutional Court, meter c-239/97, Ref. Expedient D-1490, May 20, 1997. Review of cases of termination of life on request and assistance with suicide was approved in April 2001. Rights of the Terminally Ill Act, Northern Territory of Australia (1996). Wanzer,Sidney H. M.D. et al., The Physicians Responsibility toward Hopelessly Ill Patients A Second Look, 320 The New England Journal of Medicine (March 30, 1989), p. 848. Websters New World Dictionary of the American Language, Second edition (1976).

Essay on Euthanasia and Doctor-Assisted Suicide -- Euthanasia Physicia

Understanding Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide This paper will address some of the more democratic points of interest involved with the euthanasia- assist suicide discussion. There are less than a dozen questions which would come to mind in the case of the average individual who has a mild interest in this debate, and the following essay presents information which would satisfy that individuals curiosity on these points of common interest. Euthanasia and assisted suicide are good in the state of Oregon and in the country of the Netherlands these are the only two jurisdictions in the world where laws specifically permit euthanasia or assisted suicide. Oregon permits assisted suicide.(Oregon) The Netherlands permits both euthanasia and assisted suicide.(Review) In 1995 Australias Northern Territory approved a euthanasia bill.(Rights) It went into effect in 1996 but was turn by the Australian Parliament in 1997. Also, in 1997, Colombias Supreme Court ruled that penalties for mercy ki lling should be removed.(Republic) However the ruling does not go into effect until guidelines, still to be drafted, are approved by the Colombian Congress. The difference between euthanasia and assisted suicide is seen this sort One way to distinguish them is to look at the last act - the act without which death would not occur. Using this distinction, if a third party performs the last act that designedly causes a patients death, euthanasia has occurred. For example, giving a patient a lethal injection or putting a plastic bag over her address to suffocate her would be considered euthanasia. On the other hand, if the person who dies performs the last act, assisted suicide has taken place. Thus it would be assisted suicid... ...1 Medscape. Available at http//www.medscape.com/Medscape/psychological medicine/clinicalMgmt/CM.v03/pnt-CM.v03.html, citing Jamison K.R., Night Falls Fast, New York, NY Alfred Knopf 1999. Accessed 3/19/01. Oregons Death with Dignity Act (ORS 127.800-8 97) passed in November 1994 and went into effect in 1997. Republic of Colombia Constitutional Court, Sentence c-239/97, Ref. politic D-1490, May 20, 1997. Review of cases of termination of life on request and assistance with suicide was approved in April 2001. Rights of the Terminally Ill Act, Northern Territory of Australia (1996). Wanzer,Sidney H. M.D. et al., The Physicians righteousness toward Hopelessly Ill Patients A Second Look, 320 The New England Journal of Medicine (March 30, 1989), p. 848. Websters New World Dictionary of the American Language, Second edition (1976).

Coop

accommodative Management resignted By Cherlyn Ohoy Submitted To Ms. Crispina Corpuz Date of Submission October 15, 2012 AMPC FOCCUS COOP range of the reconciling FOCCUS(Finance Organization achieving Certified Credit Union Standard)is a brand awarded to AMPC by the World Council of Credit Union base in the unify States through with(predicate) and through CUES (Credit Union Empowerment and Strengthening) last 2003. Being branded a FOCCUS coop is a stamp of class and a seal of guarantee of the subdivisions financial investing security, as well as, its excellent, efficient and quality service. History of the cooperativeFounded inJune 19, 1991by21MARKET VENDORSin Agdao Public Market Contribution per innovator member was P3,000for a total Sh ar neat of P63,000 Old name wasAGDAO MARKET VENDORS MULTI-PURPOSE concerted(AMVMPC) Core values A Action-orientedC Competency G GenerosityO Organized D DisciplineO Open-mindedness A AccountabilityP Perseverance O Optimism The Mission and v iew * MISSION * To get a line the quality of life of its members through the provision of quality products and services and continuous promotion of cooperativism. VISION * A dynamic, strong and sustainable cooperative in Mindanao, whose members are empower and working together in a spirit of cooperation, social justice, equity and peace towards total human development. How to join * Attend one hr free Pre-membership Educational Seminar (PMES) at any AMPC Office. Scheduled daily (morning and afternoon). * Fill-up Application Form for membership and attached most recent photo ID. (1 pc. 1X1 and 1 pc. 2X2). * Submit photocopy of Birth Certificate or Marriage Contract. * Pay the required amount of social rank Contribution.The Products and Services Offered * PRODUCTS * savings DEPOSIT(Earns 4. 5% per annum) * YOUTH SAVINGS (1 month old to 17 divisions old) * REGULAR SAVINGS (18 years old and above) TIME DEPOSIT Regular clip Deposit RANGE OF AMOUNTS Months 3 6 9 12 3 YEARS (net of tax) 10,000 20,000 5% 6% 7% 8% 8% 20,001 50,000 6% 7% 8% 9% 9% 50,001 100,000 7% 8% 9% 10% 10% 100,001 400,000 8% 9% 10% 11% 11% 400,001 900,000 9% 10% 11% 12% 12% 900,001 & ABOVE 10% 11% 12% 13% 13% . * TERMS Three to 12 months block are subject to tax.Three years period are withdrawable only upon maturity and tax free. roams are subject to change without prior nonice. * SpecialTime Deposit TERMP1,000 9,999 has 6% relate per annum. SHARE CAPITAL Minimum appropriate is P1,000 Minimum of 10% interest per annum (dividends) Not withdrawable. * LOAN PRODUCTS 1. Capacity-based(max of P500,000. 00) 2. Providential 3. Agricultural 4. Commercial 5. Real Estate enkindle rate of 3% per month based on diminishing balance or 1. 623% per month effective rate. Affordable repayment terms 12-24 months. hint bestow -Based on Share Capital (max of P5,000. 0). * MORTUARY AID TRUST FUND P15 contribution per Regular genus Phallus. P5 contribution per Associate Member. Pro-rat ed contribution for less than a year member. * serve 1. BOTIKA NG KOOPERATIBA * Gamot na Mura, Epektibo Pa 2. LIFE INSURANCE * Group Life and Accident with crowd out insurance (GLAFI) Annual Premium P250. * GADDI-Annual Premium P230 benefit P20,000. * Coop AKSI Plan Annual Premium P100 Benefir P20,000. * Keyman Accident Protector Plan for as low as P1,800 per annum with P1,000,000 coverage. * AMPC Family Insurance Annual Premium P150. 3.NON-LIFE INSURANCE * Fire Insurance Cash Assistance (FICA) * Home Protek500 Annual Premium of P500 pesos. * Home Assure for as low as P1,905 Annual Premium. * Standard Fire Insurance/Motor Car Insurance. 4. HEALTH CARE (Annual Premium P1,300) * Unlimited Consultation for Member and Members immediate dependents. * Unlimited Basic Laboratory Services and Diagnostic Procedures for members only. hospital confinement-in-patient. * Health Care coverage on top of PhilHealth P1,500 per day or P20,000 aggregate per year and another surgical benefit of P10,000 aggregate per year.Social Responsibilities 1. 2. learnedness PROGRAM 3. Technical Education Assistance 4. FEEDING PROGRAM 5. BLOOD BANK 6. Dugo Mo, Kinabuhi Ko 7. HOG DISPERSAL PROGRAM 8. ADOPT-A-SITE 9. LIVELIHOOD SEMINARS monetary Highlights * achievement Highlights as of December 31, 2008 * MEMBERSHIP * DEPOSITS * SHARE CAPITAL * REVENUE * ASSETS GROWTH * NET SURPLUS TAGUM COOPERATIVE Background of the joint Tagum Cooperative has also this instant ventured into funeral service known as funecare. According to Tagum Coop Chairperson Norma R.Pereyras, the funecare is intended to respond to its members clamor for a womb-to-tomb complete service to them. The funecare service has alter in the gap toward a total member service satisfaction. Tagum Cooperative gives value to its industry name. It is sensitive to its public image as a top-ranked cooperative. It does not sit on its laurels. It continues to innovate to benefit its members. And despite its greatness in the sec tor, it has kept its humility as an institution. No wonder, it has evolved into a model and well-respected cooperative. I exit not be surprised if TagumCooperative is declared the best managed coop in the entire Philippines or in this part of Asia. To our mind, it is a fact wait to happen in just a matter of time, the CDA regional director concluded. History of the cooperative Almost forty yearsago,Tagum Cooperativewas just an obscure, self-surviving silver lending institution. Now, it is a world-class savings and Credit Cooperative recently adjudgedWinnerboth inRegional and National Categories of the Business Excellence swag for Small and Medium enterprise (SMEs) organized by the Philippines Small and Medium Business Development Foundation, Inc. PHILSMED) The Business Excellence Award for SMEs was received by the Tagum Cooperative Chairperson, Ms. Norma R. Pereyras, herself a Regional and National Awardee for Outstanding Volunteer for Best Practices, 2002, along with theTagum Cooperative Vice-Chairperson, Ms. Monica L. Salido and Manager, Ms. Juris D. Perez, CPA, MBA. The said Award was given by the representative of the The Secretary of incision of Trade and Industry (DTI), Hon. Peter B. Favila, together with Ms. Mina T. Gabor, Ph. D. , President of Philippine Small and Medium Business Development Foundation, Inc. PHILSMED), Usec. Hon. Lecira V. Juarez, Chairperson, Cooperative Development Authority (CDA), Mr. Cresencio Seli conservation of parity, world-classVice-President- Landbank of the Philippines, Mr. Donald Patrick Lim, Vice-President for Marketing- Philippine Daily Inquirer and Ms. Agnes Celeste D. Fernando, Head SME Channel Distribution, Globe Telecom on October 6, 2005 at the Philippine International Convention Center (PICC), Reception Hall, which was tended to(p) by more or less 1,300 cooperators all over the country. Other Awardees/ Recipients for the National Category were R. A.Gapuz Review Center- Manila, Lighthouse Cooperative, Inc. Cagayan, Mabini Limers and Farmers Multi-purpose Cooperative,Inc. Guimaras and New Central Woodcraft- Iligan City, of which Tagum Cooperative garnered the highest points. Tagum mates belief in the value of work in service has brought the great twist. From its humble beginning asHoly Name Society (HNS) of Tagum Parish in May, 1967with only a handful Members and an available Share Capital of only P80. 00,Tagum Cooperativehad slowly stepped up to the limelight, now, conveniently servingits more than 26,000 members, of which 61. 0% composed of Woman-Members, orgasm from Tagum City and its nearby provinces and cities, witha laudable P475. 1 Million in Assets,No External Borrowingsfor the last five years. Now, Tagum Cooperative has a computedloanword Portfolio of P317. 1 Millionthat served over 160,000 households in coordination and tie up with Local Government Unit (LGU) that had helped and support in addressing the economic problem. Alleviating them from poverty line and upgrading th eir social, educational and health status.It was branded aFinance Organization achieving Certified Credit Union Standards (FOCCUS)in the year 2000 by theWorld Council of Credit Unions (WOCCU),based in the United States of America (USA), through its outreaching- cooperative program office in the Philippines, popularly known as theCredit Union Empowerment and Strengthening (CUES)- Philippines, which arrive break the tenets of the Cooperative in its operations, programs, and policies, thus Tagum Cooperative as World Class savings and credit cooperative provides the necessary environment for the safe and security of the members money, giving the highest interest rates on their clings and savings through the adoption of a sound, effective and rigid financial management.Today,Tagum Cooperativeis among the prime movers of the rurals Cooperative Movement, being one of the leading and most active affiliates of theNational Confederation of Cooperatives (NATCCO), Mindanao Alliance of Self -help Societies- Southern Philippines Educational Cooperative Center (MASS-SPECC) and pretending Credit Network (MCN). Moreover, Tagum Cooperative is a leading advocate in the province in empowering or providing opportunities and protection to women through itsGender and Development and Family Enrichment Program, Savings and Credit with Education (SCWE) Program, wherein 1,707 Woman-Members have availed of P4. 2 Million worth of loans for their livelihood or income-generating projects,Tagum Cooperative Womens Livelihood Association, Inc. (TCWLAI)wherein 70 members have availed the technology of center field and food processing and candle making, thus, itaimed at augmenting their respective familys income.All of these achievements are made possible because Tagum Cooperative stand firm to its commitment to fade the best service to its members and that each member result be proud of being a part of Tagum Cooperative. Thru good governance by its able Officials, empowered Management S taff and well informed membership, Tagum Cooperative is posed continue its active participation as a Cooperative and as a fellow of the government in progress and economic development of the Province of Davao del Norte, the neighboring provinces and the Philippine Cooperative sector in general. Core values T Trustworthness A Accountability G Good Centered U- Unity M Member Friendly C Competence O OptimismO Openness P temper The Mission and Vision * MISSION * To chop-chop delivered innovative and responsive products and services to a member in a secured financial environment * VISION * Tagum Cooperative is the best One-Stop-Shop Cooperative for total member care. How to join * STEP 1. Attend one (1) hour Pre-Membership Orientation from Monday to emailprotected 900-1000 A. M. or 400-500 P. M. * STEP 2. Fill-up Membership Application Form and submit it with 2 pcs 22 recent colored picture with your name and date. * STEP 3. Pay the required amount, as follows Membership Fee 20 0. 00 Mortuary Fee 480. 00 Initial Share Capital Deposit 500. 00Initial Regular Savings Deposit 500. 00 Registration Fee (Savings Loan Seminar 100. 00 Members ID Card 20. 00 TOTAL 1,800. 00 The Products and Services Offered * PRODUCTS * Regular Savings A compulsory savings to all TC Members. It is a liquid savings throwaway with no contractual maturity and can be indrawn anytime with a minimum maintaining balance of Php 500 and give earn 4% interest per annum based on the Average Daily Balance (ADB). It has a specially designed bankbook issued upon opening of the flyer. Depositors who religiously observe regular savings will have the chance to be awarded Savings Depositor of the Year during the Annual General Assembly.Diligent Savers of Regular Savings will get specially designed promo items. * Share Capital A compulsory deposit to all members. It has a minimum share required to be completed within 2 years from date of membership. The share capital deposit cannot be withdrawn unless Member will terminate his/her membership. Interest Rate 8,000 and up = 7% per annumInitial Deposit Php500. 00Minimum requirement Php8,000. 00CharacteristicsA cumpulsory deposit to all members. Php8,000 minimum share required to be completed within 2 years from date of membership. Share Capital Deposit cannot be withdrawn unless Member will terminate his/her membership.Earns divided aside from the guaranteed interest. A specially designated passbook is issued upon opening an account. Depositors who religiously observe continuous share capital build-up will have the chance to be awarded Share Capital Depositor of the Year during the Annual General Assembly. Through point system, depositors will get specially designedpromoitems. * juvenility Savers Club A savings product forkids 0-12 years old with a specially designedpassbookissued upon opening an account. It has a minimum ofP50. 00 to openan account and maintaining balance is P 50. 00 and will earn 4% interest per annum base d on the Average Daily Balance (ADB).Member will receive lay out items upon signing the application form as Tagum Coop * Power stripling Savers Club A savings products for teens 13-17 years old with especially designed passbook issued upon opening an account. Minimum of 50. 00 pesos to open an account. Maintaining balance is 50. 00Member will receive gift items upon signing the application from as Tagum Coops way of welcoming new members. Diligent savers will receive specially-designed items that can be used at home or at school. The more the teens save the more rewards they get. Depositors who religiously observe Power Teen Savers Program will have the chance to be awarded Power Teen Savers of the Year during the Annual General Assembly.This is the perfect gift that the parents, marvelousparents, uncles/aunts, godparents, brothers/sisters can give to their children, nephews, nieces, grand children on graduation, Christmas, birthdays, etc. * Time Deposit A special time deposit c ertificate is issued to the member for every account opened. Interest on deposits varies depending on the amount, the longer the term and amount, the higher the interest rate. Upon maturity date, the member may reincarnate the said timedeposit account , however if the membermisses to renew his/her time deposit on maturity date, Tagum Cooperative isauthorized to automatically roll over the said time deposit with the same term and rate.In case a member decides to terminate the time deposit account prior to maturity date, Tagum Cooperative will subject themembers Time Deposit to 4% interest p. a. Diligent Savers of Time Deposits will have the chance to be awarded TimeDepositor of the Year during the AnnualGeneral Assembly. * Pabilisang Savings para sa mga Drivers Advocacy (PaSaDA) Aims to encourage drivers to start a daily habit of saving and realize their desire to build up a contingency fund. Interest Rate 4% per annumInitial Deposit Php30. 00Initial Share Capital(for non members) Php250. 00 * Golden HEARTS TERM P 1,000. 00 to 100,00. 00 P 100,001. 00 to 250,000. 00 P 250,001. 00 to500,000. 00 P 500,001. 00 to 1,000,000. 00 1,000,001. 00 and above 30-89 days 5. 00% 5. 50% 5. 0% 5. 50% 5. 50% 90 179 days 6. 00% 6. 50% 7. 00% 7. 50% 7. 50% 180 359 days 6. 50% 7. 00% 7. 50% 8. 00% 8. 50% 360 719 days 7. 50% 8. 00% 8. 50% 9. 00% 9. 50% 720 days 8. 50% 9. 00% 9. 50% 10. 00% 10. 50% * LOAN PRODUCTS 1. Major Loan * Regular Loan (RL) * Government Employees Special Loan (GESL ) * Private Employees Special Loan (PESL ) * Convenient Loan (CL) * TC Income-Generating Service Loan (TC-IGSL) * Special Credit Line Service Loan (SCLS) 2. Minor Loan * Cash Advance (CA) * Emergency Loan (EL) 3. Special Loan * Instant Loan Bonanza * Micro-Finance Loan * Benefit Loan Appliance and Furniture Loan * Travel loan * SERVICES 1. Special Programs * Savings and Credit with Education (SCWE) * AFLATOUN * TC Youth Laboratory Cooperative Article * TC Womens Livelihood Cooperative(TCWLC) 2. Members Benefits and Assitance (MBA) * Himsug Pamilya Program (HPP) 3. Coop Funecare 4. Ancillary pecuniary Sercvice * Inquiry Machine * Pinoy Coop ATM * TC Collection Service Center (Bayad Center) Financial Highlights PANABO MULTI-PURPOSE COOPERATIVE Background of the Cooperative Panabo Multi-Purpose Cooperative (PMPC) operates and advocates the values of self-help, self responsibility, democracy, equality, equity and solidarity.In the tradition of its founders, cooperative Members, Officials and Staff believe in the ethical values of honesty, openness, social responsibility and caring for others and the community. PMPC is a financial service, member-owned Cooperative dedicated to provide the financial needs of its members since 1965. PMPC is a Finance Organizations achieving Certified Credit Union Standard (FOCCUS) branded cooperative. It has achieved International Prudential Standards on Financial Ratios designed to protect members assets which will ensure operational sust ainability and quality of member service. PMPC is implementing the MCUB methodology.MCUB ( lay Credit Union Building) is a technology designed to transform a COOPERATIVE into a Model Credit Union (MCU) which adheres to Financial Disciplines where Members money is safe and protected. PMPC is a leading affiliate of the largest and strongest confederation of cooperatives in the Philippines which is the National Confederation of Cooperatives or NATCCO, with National Headquarters located at 227, J. P. Rizal Street, Project 4, Quezon City, Metro Manila the Mindanao Alliance of Self-Help Societies-Southern Philippines Educational Cooperative Center (MASS-SPECC) based in Cagayan de Oro City and, the Model Cooperative Network (MCN), situated at Rm. 324 GB Cam Bldg. , Monteverde St. Davao City, the official network of the FOCCUS branded cooperatives in Mindanao. PMPC is a bonafide member and staunch supporter of COOP-NATCCO PARTY-LIST, the only Party-List in Philippine Congress that represe nts the true voice of the Philippine Cooperative Sector and the underprivileged workers and small business entrepreneurs. History of the cooperative Through the zealous apparent movement of Panabo Parish Priest Fr. Eugene Simon, PMPC was organized with 15 founding cooperators with a combined initial share capital of seven thousand five hundred pesos (P 7,500. 00) in 1965. Today, through prudent management adherence to financial disciplines,PMPC has magnified its growth by over 25,000 member-user strength and P312 million in assets (as of July 2008). Core values The Mission and Vision * MISSION * * VISION * The Products and Services Offered * PRODUCTS * * SERVICES 1. Financial Highlights Background of the Cooperative History of the cooperative Core values The Mission and Vision * MISSION * To promptly delivered innovative and responsive products and services to a member in a secured financial environment * VISION The Products and Services Offered * PRODUCTS * SERVICES Financial Hig hlights Sources * http//agdaompc. webs. com/ * http//www. tagumcoop. org/index. php/aboutus * http//WWW. panabocoop. org

Traning and Placement Project Report on Asp.Net

CHAPTER 1 1. ABSTRACT The Campus Recruitment database project has been speci aloney endeavored to handle the recruitment needs in the beginning the bread of recruitment. This project can be considered as a digital diary with m any other features embedded in it. This project is used to cumber records of nominee, companies and colleges and lead other useful culture. The main emphasis is given much or slight the expectation record. In this project we store the totally information undergoing at the fourth dimension of campus recruitment program . There is mainly three users ar company, collage and candidate. ompany comes in the collage for recruitment and the collage organize the campus recruitment program for the candidate . The company contact to the TPO of the collage for the recruitment and collage give the nonice in the. Newspaper for the recruitment program for the candidate knowledge. This is also used by the company see the preceding(prenominal) performance of the candidate. There are a lot of companies, which are taking recruitment for candidate . They chooses the candidate on the buns of the different skill. The company can recruit the candidate for the different jobs.It is hoped that with all the characteristics the project will be found useful to the all recruitment companies as well as candidate and college. CHAPTER 2 2. INTRODUCTION 2. 1 PROBLEM STATEMENT We are making this project to overcome the problem of tpo and company and candidate in the campus selection process we are providing the three user in this project first tpo login who can maintanethe whole record of college and student. Second login of company login and tercet login is student login. This will beneficial for Take complete record of the college intimately its name and address of it.Maintaining record of the contact person for a particular college. Maintaining records about all the company which is comes for taking recruitment and the vacancy for the particular jobs . Maintaining records about candidate who are sitting in any campus. What is their performance on any old campus. Maintaining records of vacant position of different companies and the particular skill record required for that position. Maintaining record about the date in which issue recruitment slip by and also about the newspaper in which nonice is issued. 2. 2 AIMThe Campus Recruitment database project has been specially designed to handle the recruitment needs to begin with the start of recruitment. This project can be considered as a digital diary with many other features embedded in it. This project is used to remark records of candidate, companies and colleges and provide other useful information. Take complete record of the college about its name and address of it. Maintaining record of the contact person for a particular college. Maintaining records about all the company which is comes for taking recruitment and the vacancy for the particular jobs.Maintaining records a bout candidate who are sitting in any campus. What is their performance on any previous campus. Maintaining records of vacant position of different companies and the particular skill record required for that position. Maintaining record about the date in which issue recruitment make its and also about the newspaper in which notice is issued. 2. 3 STUDY OF CURRENT SYSTEM The Campus Recruitment database project has been specially designed to handle the recruitment needs before the start of recruitment. This project can be considered as a digital diary with many other features embedded in it.This project is used to keep records of candidate, companies and colleges and provide other useful information. In this project we are maintaining the all record of the student to make the easier in the selection process and providing the all information of the college and student. to make the easier the selection process in company we are making this project. CHAPTER 3 3. FEASIBILITY STUDY Feasib ility reports describe one or more design solutions to a specific problem and determine if the proposed solution is practical and feasible.Preferably, more than one solution is offered, in which case the report compares the various designs and determines which plectrum is best. Design and feasibility reports are essentially the same type of document, differing only in the amount of emphasis placed on practical and economic viability of the design in comparison with other possible solutions. A design report, often very similar to an internal proposal, focuses on describing one specific implementation. A feasibility study, on the other hand, also emphasizes the investigation and comparison of alternative solutions.Design reports and feasibility reports are crucial for decision making and product development in most any technical organization. They document an engineers thinking through a solution to a problem, a description of the solution, and the reasons why that solution should be implemented. Managers need completed and comprehensive feasibility and design reports to decide where to commit scarce resources. In addition, an accurate and comprehensive design report eases in developing other documents, such as formal proposals, specifications, and work plans. 3. 1 OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITYIn this project we are providing the help to the company for selection process and tpo to maintain the all record which are record the company for selection and all the material of company written papers and hr round question and technical question which will help to the student to prepare for the selection. it think this project will be helpful for company ,tpo and student. 3. 2 TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY For the design and development of the system, several package products have been accommodated. Database design sql server, Interface design . NET Framework. , Coding C or any other supported Language.This softwares have the lavish efficiency inproducingthe system. Therefo re the project is technically feasible. 3. 3 ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY This softaware will be right-hand(a) in economically because it reduse the company perspiration to know about the college andabout the student for the selection process. inthis software this software available company peppers will help to the student for the selection and save money the learn any coaching for the company preparation andthis will be also help to the tpo to maintain the record of the student instead of the hard copy. is software ecinomacally is unplayful it take not more spacein the ram and hard disk and maintenances also easy. CHAPTER 4 4. digest & MODELING The first step in developing anything is to differentiate the requirements. This applies just as much to leading edge look as to simple programs and to personal programs, as well as to large team efforts. be vague about your objective only postpones decisions to a later stage where changes are much more costly. The problem statement shoul d state what is to be do and not how it is to be done. It should be a statement of needs, not a proposal for a solution.A user manual for the desired system is a good problem statement. The requestor should indicate which features are mandatory and which are optional, to avoid overly constraining design decisions. The requestor should avoid describing system internals, as this restricts implementation flexibility. Performance specifications and protocols for interaction with external systems are legitimate requirements. Software engineering standards, such as modular construction, design for testability, and provision for future extensions, are also proper.Many problems statements, from individuals, companies, and government agencies, diverseness requirements with design decisions. There may sometimes be a compelling reason to require a particular computer or language on that point is rarely justification to specify the use of a particular algorithm. The analyst must separate t he true requirements from design and implementation decisions disguised as requirements. The analyst should challenge such pseudo requirements, as they restrict flexibility.There may be politics or organizational reasons for the requirements, but at least the analyst should have it away that these externally imposed design decisions are not essential features of the problem domain. A problem statement may have more or less detail. A requirement for a conventional product, such as a payroll program or a billing system, may have immense detail. A requirement for a research effort in a new area may lack many details, but presumably the research has some objective, which should be clearly stated. Most problem statements are ambiguous, incomplete, or even inconsistent.Some requirements are just plain wrong. Some requirements, although precisely stated, have bitter consequences on the system behaviour or impose unreasonable implementation costs. Some requirements seem reasonable at fir st but do not work out as well as the request or thought. The problem statement is just a starting point for understanding the problem, not an immutable document. The purpose of the subsequent analysis is to fully understand the problem and its implications. There is no reasons to expect that a problem statement prepared without a fully analysis will be correct. 4. 1 DOMAIN ANALYSISThis software is dependent on manual updation regularly without updating its nothing means in this software required to update student information by the tpo and college information. Companies exam pattern and papper. need to work in company login. 4. 2 APPLICATION ANALYSIS This software is very usefull for the tpo. tpo can manage the student record for the campus recruitment by the use of this software tpo can manage the all record of the student and keep the all information of the college for the company need. it is also very good software for the company by the use of this softaware company can update recruitment in the software.CHAPTER 5 5. DATA FLOW DIAGRAM CHAPTER 6 6. SYSTEM ENVIRONMENT The system environment specifies the technical specification of requirements for the developing software. The goal of this, it tout ensemble and consistently specifies the requirements for the software products in a concise and unambiguous manner 6. 1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS RAM 512 MB (Recommended) Processor Pentium III 450 MHz heavy Disk Space 3. 5 GB (Includes 500 MB free space on disk) 6. 2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS Operating System Windows 2000 or Windows XP. Sql server. .net mannequin work CHAPTER 7 7. ADVANTAGES Take complete record of the college about its name and address of it. Maintaining record of the contact person for a particular college. Maintaining records about all the company which is comes for taking recruitment and the vacancy for the particular jobs. Maintaining records about candidate who are sitting in any campus. What is their performance on any previous campus? Maint aining records of vacant position of different companies and the particular skill record required for that position. Maintaining record about the date in which issue a recruitment occur nd also about the newspaper in which notice is issued. 7. DISADVANTAGES Minimum 512 mb ram required for this project. Minimum 3. 5 gb hard disk required for this project. It cannot run below p4 processor. Maintenance required for this software. CHAPTER 8 8. BIBLIOGRAPHY Asp. net unleashed stephen walther Sql server 2000 mike gunderloy Sams teach yourself c. net in 21 age Programming asp. net jesse liberty Beginning c. net richard blair Tpo Con-tact COLLEGE Company Recruit STORE DATAbase ISSUE ISSUE Skills Newspaper JOBS Candidate NOTICE

Community Immersion Essay

It is the metropolis base for Jeff Davis Parish which combined has 6 cities in the parish (U. S. Census Bureau, 2010). Jennings is con expressionred a rural bea with a population of 10,909 people residing in the city. According to the census bureau the city of Jennings is populated with Caucasians at 7,736, African Americans 3, 076, Asian 32 and Hispanics 101 (U. S. Census Bureau, 2010). Jennings has two sub communities the south side of town w here about of the b omits atomic number 18 under the poverty line and some middle class residents.Downtown is where the whites and a few blacks live, these two sides a unconnected by a railroad track. The founding of Jennings was a manifestation of the dynamic spirit in Americans which led them to continually seek new frontiers and new areas of economical exploitation. The story of its growth parallels that of many other Louisiana towns, but in two respects it has a claim to distinctiveness its middle western production line and its con nection with Louisianas oldest oil field. Jennings McComb, for whom the town was named, was a contractor of the Southern Pacific Railroad.He built the Jennings depot on a split peculiar to southwest Louisiana (Riser, 1948). It is known that he was president of the Louisiana Western Railroad Company and had been associated with Charles Morgan in certain railroad transactions. McComb accumulated a great fortune, not from the railroad transactions. McComb accumulated a great fortune, not from the railroad but from the acquisition of the patent for the arrow tie buckle employ in the baling of cotton. In 1901 an Jennings businessmen brought in oil operators to develop the Jennings Oil Field.This marked the first production of oil in the state of Louisiana. Oil became an in-chief(postnominal) element in the economy of Jennings, but rice, the basis of the towns economy, was still cultivated. After 1906 oil production declined and the importance of the industry to Jennings decreased. Ric e remained, as it unendingly had been, the leading economic activity of the area (Riser, 1948). The one thing about this conjunction is the buildings they still resemble the old design from in the beginning. This community on one side of the tracks maybe crumbling, but Jennings is a growing city.Jennings can give the illusion of nothing is breathing out on and deep obliterate inside of the town is array of discrimination of race, social class, an economic status. II. Community Structure Community Function Jennings has few clubs for socializing and due to the divide in the population by race. Socialization between the white and blacks are limited if they do not work together. There are normally around final result times in the community two different parades one downtown for the white the other Southside for the blacks. The city is ran by the mayor elected, making all the decisions in the city.During events for the city the decision in regards to can it happen is left to the ch ief of police force. The city has two law enforcement agency the city police which handles everything inside the city and the sheriffs department which is for surrounding parish cities. Each area or parts of Jennings pack police jurors that are elected for the area. Residents are to contact their police jurors with complaints they are then brought before a town meeting that is held each month at city hall. The meetings are open to all residents in the parish however they are not openly advertised.There are many community leaders, or shall I say power families. These are the people who basically can have anything they want in Jennings. These families have been living here from the beginning and own roughly of all the businesses in Jennings. Jennings with these power families there is a lot of decadence within the city. According to an interview conducted with a resident of Jennings, it is a visible corruption. They stated that its in the police department and in the romance hou ses. The court house is located in central Jennings and shares a uilding with the parish sheriffs department. The courthouse has two courtrooms and on judge. One Mondays, Tuesdays and Wednesdays are court days in Jennings. Because this is the parish base surrounding cities in the parish have to attend court in Jennings. The mayors view is located across from the courthouse, basically if he is in office the office residents have the opportunity to speak with him. Election for public office are held every two years, however the judge and chief of police have held the same positions for the last 4 years.They were reelected with majority of the vote. Observing and interviewing residents across the tracks with a low economic status on the political relation of Jennings. Residents of this community dread the police and the government of Jennings. Most of the residents dont vote because they believe it does not work. On resident showed me the curfew signs located for two blocks in front of the further club in Jennings. Residents reported having to drop dead the city to socialize (Jennings Daily News, 2005). III. Community CharacteristicsJennings is a lucky city new school, shopping centers, restaurants, car lashings and new additions to the hospital. This is all downtown Jennings, continue to drive to Southside Jennings and the economy changes. The economy in Jennings is low compared to other cities in Louisiana. Local business owner, own most of the shopping places. The other centers are chain stores and restaurants which provide employment in city. To obtain a good job some resident must leave the city and drive at least 30 miles to the nearest city for work.There are 3 public schools and 2 catholic schools in Jennings there is a technical school which provides training in different fields. Just recently I was informed that Southside had the only elementary school residents. According to the Jennings perfunctory news the school was moved uptown Jennings. Th ere are no schools located in the Southside community of Jennings (Jennings Daily News, 2005). Looking for resources in Jennings is like look for a needle in a hay stack. There are limited resources in the area for residents living in poverty.There is no office of community services which provides applications and face to face case managers for additional household help the nearest office is 45 minutes away. There is a health unit that provides parenting classes other services to needed residents. Caring Hands is the only resource of helping people pay bills if needed. They help with light bills, gas bills, and body of water bills if qualified. There is no transportation system in the city, residents with no cars must walk to the stores. The community even with the lack of services seems not to harm most of the community.Its for the most part beginning to overcome the racism that has been a factor over the years. However it still a big issue here in Jennings. Jennings have develo p over the years an array of issues that need to be addressed like the lack of community services, the sub community of Southside Jennings, lack of activities for children, and jobs. With all this going on the murders of eight young ladies since 2005 has divided and turned the downtown residents against the city police that the city police no longer ferment alone in the city the Louisiana state police has taken over (Jennings Daily News, 2005).Its apparent when driving through and speaking with residents, the blacks in the community experience oppression from the local government as well as themselves. There is a large amount of discrimination not only with the government but the local police. Residents state even if they are not doing anything the good suffers for the bad. Police patrol Southside and allow no room for socialization. The park on the Southside is always empty most children rather stay in the house. The local police abuse their power an residents live in fear every d ay.Jennings, Louisiana do not have a home little population, most residents that lose their homes move in with relatives. Make some home occupied with multiply families. In this community, its a plus along with all the other problems they do not need a homeless problem. IV. Summary and Conclusion Jennings, Louisiana a booming city, with hidden racial problems. Jennings with the majority of the population being white runs the local government, making all the decisions for the city. The lack of resources makes it impossible for some residents to access them. Its a city that can be two different cities in one.Although education is accessible most of the black dont attend. Jobs are limited less and there is no public transportation out of city to find jobs. Most residents live under the poverty line for the ones who do not are enjoying this community as long as the blacks stay on their side of the tracks. Reading Netting and observing this community there is a lot going on like Social D arwinism due to the blacks believing that income between not only rich and poor, but white and black is natural (Kettner, McMurty, & Netting, 1998). The manifest heap in which is going on in Jennings today.

Psychology †Biological Explanation of Eating Disorders Essay

The biologic approach suggests that AN is due a physical cause, suggesting it could be due to something within the body or brain such as hypothalamus dysfunction or an imbalance of neurotransmitters. The hypothalamus dysfunction supposition would suggest that animals guide a set weightiness which is correct for their body, if this weight should increase or decrease then the body should make adjustments to regulate food intake to their set weight.The hypothalamus is thought to have quite a lot of control over our eating behaviour, the lateral hypothalamus (LH) is considered to be the feeding switch that makes an individual begin to feed whereas the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) is the satiety switch that makes an individual continue feeding. Garfinkel and Gardner (1982) suggested that a disturbed hypothalamus may be the cause of AN, they proposed that each disturbance could lead to either the LH or VMH to be constantly activated.In baseball club to explain AN it is most like ly that when the LH is damaged and that the individual never receives a signal (feeling hungry) to begin feeding, if the VMH were damaged then the individual would receive a constant signal to eat so they would never stop feeding. This back ups the idea that AN might have a biological explanation, specifically brain dysfunction.Anand and Brobeck conducted an experiment involving the rats, they ready that if the LH was damaged it could lead to aphagia (this is a failure to eat when hungry), this provides support for the idea that damage to the hypothalamus dissolve lead to reduced eating which is support for the biological approach of AN. However, there are some concerns with this as the test was conducted with the use of animals so its thorny to generalise the viewings to humans.This is because humans and animals are biologically various so its hard to know if humans would respond in the same way if their LH was damaged. Additional re take care has shown us that when the VMH i n rats is stirred that it stops feeding, which again supports the suggestion that possible over activation of the VMH could result in reduced feeding. This research would likewise support the biological explanation of AN as if an individual has damage to their hypothalamus then it could result in reduced feeding which would then result in dramatic weight loss, as seen in hold upers of AN.However, this theory is reductionist as it suggests that the only explanation of AN is a biological reason, and it ignores other factors like things such as stress or sexual abuse which can both lead to AN. Another biological explanation of AN would be that there is an imbalance of serotonin, which is usually associated with depression and anxiety as disturbed levels of serotonin have been found in AN sufferers.It is also likely that eating disorders arise due to high levels of anxiety which is linked with high levels of serotonin in the body. Bailer et al (1970) compared serotonin activity in r egain anorexia suffers and healthy controls. They found significantly higher activity in the women that were recovering from anorexia, the highest levels found in those women with the highest anxiety levels. This also provides support for AN having a biological cause, in this case an imbalance of neurotransmitters.However, its difficult to establish cause and effect in Bailers research, this is because the women studied were already recovering from an eating disorder and so its impossible to know whether the imbalance of serotonin was the cause of the womens AN or whether the AN causes an imbalance of serotonin, so its hard to know whether or not there is a biological cause of AN with these findings. In addition to this the research is also gender biased, in this case its alpha biased as only women were used in this study but its generalising the study to men as well.Bailers research also raises the debate of determinism vs.free provide. The biological approach is deterministic so if an individual has an imbalance of serotonin they will then develop an eating disorder, however this is ignoring our free will as an individual that exercises regularly will over their eating this is noted in individuals who suffer from anxiety but dont develop AN. lastly there is the evolutionary approach which suggests that all our behaviours are adaptive, which means that the reason we do legitimate things is to help us survive in a certain way according to this theory AN is a behaviour which helps them survive.The evolutionary approach focuses on our ancestors, when weight loss and eating disorders werent a consideration and any weight loss would be a lack of food kind of than a desire for thinness. Usually when an individual begins to love weight physiologic mechanisms activate in order to conserve energy and increase desires for food, however it would not have been adaptive for our ancestors to feel hunger as there may not have been much food available to them, so instead it would be adaptive to switch off the desire so that they could then find food in order to help our survival.Therefore many characteristics of AN can be considered adaptive to enable our ancestors to move to areas where there was more food rather than being preoccupied by looking for food in their current location. However, this theory doesnt explain the differences of AN between genders, as girls are more impact by AN than boys so if the behaviour was adapted then both men and women would be equally effected by this as both genders would have had to search for more food in other areas.An alternative approach to explaining how AN would come from the behaviour approach, which suggests AN is the result of learning rather than a biological explanation. This approach suggests that individuals suffer from AN because of reinforcement, so they have witnessed slim people (who become their role models) being rewarded for their behaviour so they imitate their behaviour in expectation of the same reward.

The Twilight Saga 4: Breaking Dawn 25. Favor

It was unaccompanied a teentsy while later that Edward re instincted me of my priorities.It alikek him just one word.RenesmeeI sighed. She would be awake soon. It must be nearly s unconstipated in the morning. Would she be looking for me? Abruptly, some aff waye close to panic had my soundbox issuezing up. What would she look like today?Edward felt the total amazement of my stress. Its all(a) right, love. Get dressed, and well be keystone to the family line in two snatchs.I probably looked like a cartoon, the charge I sp dribbleg up, and then looked cumber up at him his diamond body faintly glinting in the diffuse light then aside to the west, where Renesmee waited, then O.K. at him again, then keister toward her, my head whipping from side to side a half dozen times in a second. Edward smiled, just now didnt laugh he was a well man.Its all ab aside balance, love. Youre so obedient at all of this, I dont imagine it will take too massive to throweverything in p erspective.And we tolerate all night, right?He smiled wider. Do you think I could bear to let you pulsate dressed now if that werent the case?That would constitute to be live onable to get me through the daylight hours. I would balance this overwhelming, devastating desire so that I could be a good It was hard to think the word. though Renesmee was very real and vital in my life, it was smooth difficult to think of myself as a m opposite. I supposed bothone would feel the same, though, without nine months to get apply to the idea. And with a child that changed by the hour.The thought of Renesmees speeding life had me stressed-out again in an instant. I didnt even pause at the ornately carved re enumerate doors to catch my breath forward finding out what Alice had done. I just burst through, intenton wearing the premier things I stir bolshie. I should have chousen it wouldnt be that easy.Which ones are mine? I hissed. As promised, the room was bigger than our bedroom. I t might have been bigger than the rest of the house put together, however Id have to pace it off to be po personateive. I had a brief mental flash of Alice trying to persuade Esme to repel classic proportions and allow this monstrosity. I wondered how Alice had won that one.Everything was wrapped in garment bags, pristine and white, row after row after row.To the best of my effl delimitation, everything precisely this rack here he touched a bar that stretched along the half-wall to the left field of the door is yours.All of this?He shrugged.Alice, we state together. He said her name like an explanation I said it like an expletive.Fine, I muttered, and I pulled mound the zipper on the closest bag. I growled under my breath when I saw the floorlength silk gown inside cocker ping.Finding something normal to wear could take all dayLet me help, Edward offered. He sniffed carefully at the air and then followed some scent to the keep going of the long room. There was a built-i n dresser there. He sniffed again, then opened a drawer. With a triumphant grin, he held out a couple of artfully faded blue jeans.I flitted to his side. How did you do that?Denim has its own scent just like anything else. Now stretch cotton?He followed his wind to a half-rack, un humansing a long-sleeved white t-shirt. He tossed it to me.Thanks, I said fervently. I inhaled each fabric, memorizing the scent for future searches through this madhouse. I remembered silk and satin I would avoid those.It sole(prenominal) took him seconds to find his own clothes if I hadnt seen him undressed, I would have sworn there was nonhing much beautiful than Edward in his khakis and pale beige pullover and then he took my hand. We darted through the hidden garden, leaped lightly over the stone wall, and hit the forest at a dead sprint. I pulled my hand free so that we could race back. He beat me this time.Renesmee was awake she was sitting up on the floor with Rose and Emmett hovering over her, playing with a little smoke of twisted silverware. She had a mangled spoon in her right hand. As soon as she spied me through the glass, she chucked the spoon on the floor where it left a divot in the wood and pointed in my direction imperiously. Her audience laughed Alice, Jasper, Esme, and Carlisle were sitting on the upchuck, watching her as if she were the most engrossing film.I was through the door before their laughter had barely begun, bounding crosswise the room and scooping her up from the floor in the same second. We smiled widely at each other.She was different, scarcely not so much. A little longer again, her proportions drifting from babyish to childlike. Her hair was longer by a quarter inch, the curls bouncing like springs with every movement. Id let my imagination run wildon the trip back, and Id imagined worse than this. Thanks to my overdone fears, these little changes were almost a relief. Even without Carlisles measurements, I was sure the changes were slower than yesterday.Renesmee patted my cheek. I winced. She was athirst(p) again.How long has she been up? I necessitateed as Edward disappeared through the kitchen doorway. I was sure he was on his way to get her breakfast, having seen what shed just thought as all the way as I had. I wondered if he would ever have noticed her little quirk, if hed been the only one to know her. To him, it probably would have seemed like hearing anyone. that a few minutes, Rose said. We would have called you soon. Shes been asking for you demandingmight be a give out description. Esme sacrificed her second-best silver service to keep the little junky entertained. Rose smiled at Renesmee with so much gloating affection that the criticism was entirely weightless. We didnt want to er, bother you.Rosalie bit her lip and looked away, trying not to laugh. I could feel Emmetts silent laughter behind me, sending vibrations through the foundations of the house.I kept my chin high. Well get your room set up right away, I said to Renesmee. Youll like the cottage. Its magic. I look up at Esme. Thank you, Esme. So much. Its perfectly perfect. ahead Esme could respond, Emmett was laughing again it wasnt silent this time.So its still standing? he managed to get out between his snickers. I wouldve thought you two had knocked it to rubble by now. What were you doing ending night? Discussing the national debt? He howled with laughter.I gritted my teeth and reminded myself of the negative consequences when Id let my temper get away from me yesterday. Of course, Emmett wasnt as breakable as Seth___Thinking of Seth made me wonder. Wherere the wolves today? I glanced out the window wall, still there had been no sign of Leah on the way in.Jacob took off this morning pretty early, Rosalie told me, a little frown creasing her forehead. Seth followed him out.What was he so upset about? Edward asked as he came back into the room with Renesmees cup. There must have been more in Rosalies memo ry than Id seen in her expression.Without breathing, I handed Renesmee off to Rosalie. Super-self-control, maybe, but there was no way I was going to be able to feed her. Not yet.I dont know or care, Rosalie grumbled, but she answered Edwards question more fully. He was watching Nessie sleep, his mouth hanging open like the moron he is, and then he just jumped to his feet without any kind of trigger that I noticed, anyway and stormed out. was glad to be rid of him. The more time he spends here, the less chance there is that well ever get the smell out.Rose, Esme chided gently.Rosalie flipped her hair. I suppose it doesnt matter. We wont be here that much longer.I still plead we should go straight to New Hampshire and get things set up, Emmett said, apparently continuing anearlier conversation. Bellas al gety registered at Dartmouth. Doesnt look like it will take her all that long to be able to handle school. He sullen to look at me with a teasing grin. Tm sure youll ace your c lasses apparently theres nothing interesting for you to do at night besides study.Rosalie giggled.Do not lose your temper, do not lose your temper,I chanted to myself. And then I was proud of myself for keeping my head.So I was pretty surprised that Edward didnt.He growled an abrupt, shocking rasp of sound and the blackest fury rolled across his expression like storm clouds.Before any of us could respond, Alice was on her feet.What is he doing? What is that click doing that has erased my schedule for the entire day? I puket see anything No She shot me a tortured glance. Look at you You neec/meto show you how to use your closet.For one second I was grateful for whatever Jacob was up to.And then Edwards hands balled up into fists and he snarled, He talked to Charlie. He thinks Charlie is following after him. Coming here. Today.Alice said a word that sounded very odd in her trilling, ladylike voice, and then she blurred into motion, streaking out the backdoor.He told Charlie? I gas ped. provided doesnt he hear? How could he do that? Charlie couldnt know about me About vampires That would put him on a hit list that even the Cullens couldnt save him from. NoEdward spoke through his teeth. Jacobs on his way in now.It must have started raining farther east. Jacob came through the door quivering his wet hair like a dog, flipping droplets on the carpet and the couch where they made little round gray spots on the white. His teeth glinted against his dark lips his eye were bright and excited. He walked with jerky movements, like he was all hyped-up about destroying my fathers life.Hey, guys, he greeted us, grinning.It was perfectly silent.Leah and Seth slipped in behind him, in their human forms for now both of their hands were trembling with the tension in the room.Rose, I said, holding my ordnance store out. Wordlessly, Rosalie handed me Renesmee. I pressed her close to my motionless heart, holding her like a talisman against rash behavior. I would keep her in my arms until I was sure my decision to defeat Jacob was based entirely on rational judgment rather than fury.She was very still, watching and listening. How much did she understand?Charliell be here soon, Jacob said to me casually. Just a heads-up. I assume Alice is getting you sunglasses or something?You assume way too much, I spit out through my teeth. What. Have. You. Done?Jacobs smile wavered, but he was still too wound up to answer seriously. Biondie and Emmett woke me up this morning going on and on about you all moving cross-country. Like I could let you leave. Charlie was the biggest issue there, right? Well, problem solved.7Do you even realize what youve done? The danger youve put him in?He snorted. I didnt put him in danger. Except from you. but youve got some kind of supernatural self-control, right? Not as good as mind postulateing, if you ask me. Much less exciting.Edward moved then, darting across the room to get in Jacobs face. Though he was half a head shorter than Jacob, Jacob leaned away from his staggering anger as if Edward towered over him.Thats just a theory, mongrel, he snarled. You think we should test it out on Charlie? Did you consider the physical pain youre putting Bella through, even if she can resist? Or the emotional pain if she doesnt? I suppose what happens to Bella no longer business organizations you He spit the last word.Renesmee pressed her fingers apprehensively to my cheek, anxiety coloring the replay in her head.Edwards words finally cut through Jacobs strangely electric mood. His mouth dropped into a frown. Bella will be in pain?Like youve shoved a white-hot branding iron down her throatI flinched, remembering the scent of pure human blood.I didnt know that, Jacob whispered.Then perhaps you should have asked first, Edward growled back through his teeth.You would have stopped me.You should have been stopped This isnt about me, I interrupted. I stood very still, keeping my hold on Renesmee and sanity. This is ab out Charlie, Jacob. How could you put him in danger this way? Do you realize its death or vampire life for him now, too? My voice trembled with the snap my eye could no longer shed.Jacob was still troubled by Edwards accusations, but mine didnt seem to bother him. Relax, Bella. I didnt branch him anything you werent planning to tell him.But hes coming hereYeah, thats the idea. Wasnt the whole let him make the wrong assumptions thing your plan? I think I provided a very nice red herring, if I do say so myself.My fingers flexed away from Renesmee. I curled them back in securely. Say it straight, Jacob. I dont have the patience for this.I didnt tell him anything about you, Bella. Not really. I told him about me. Well, show is probably a better verb.He phased in presence of Charlie, Edward hissed.I whispered, You what?Hes brave. Brave as you are. Didnt pass out or throw up or anything. I gotta say, I was impressed. You shouldve seen his face when I started taking my clothes off, thou gh. Priceless, Jacob chortled.You absolute moronl You could have given him a heart attackCharlies fine. Hes tough. If youd give this just a minute, youll see that I did you a favor here.You have half of that, Jacob. My voice was flat and steely. You have xxx seconds to tell me every single word before I give Renesmee to Rosalie and rip your miserable head off. Seth wont be able to stop me this time.Jeez, Bells. You didnt apply to be so melodramatic. Is that a vampire thing?Twenty-six seconds.Jacob rolled his eyes and flopped into the nearest chair. His little pack moved to stand on his flanks, not at all relaxed the way he seemed to be Leahs eyes were on me, her teeth slightly bared.So I knocked on Charlies door this morning and asked him to germ for a walk with me. He was confused, but when I told him it was about you and that you were back in town, he followed me out to the woods. I told him you werent sick anymore, and that things were a little weird, but good. He was about to take off to see you, but I told him I had to show him something first. And then I phased. Jacob shrugged.My teeth felt like a vise was pushing them together. I want every word, you monster.Well, you said I only had thirty seconds okay, okay. My expression must have convinced him that I wasnt in the mood for teasing. Lemme see I phased back and got dressed, and then after he started breathing again, I said something like, Charlie, you dont live in the world you thought you lived in. The good news is, nothing has changed except that now you know. Lifell go on the same way it always has. You can go right back to pretending that you dont suppose any of this.It took him a minute to get his head together, and then he wanted to know what was really going on with you, with the whole rare-disease thing. I told him that you had been sick, but you were fine now it was just that youd had to change a little bit in the process of getting better. He wanted to know what I meant by change, and I told him that you looked a lot more like Esme now than you looked like Renee.Edward hissed while I stared in horror this was headed in a dangerous direction. later on a few minutes, he asked, real quietly, if you turned into an animal, too. And I said, She wishes she was that cool Jacob chuckled.Rosalie made a noise of disgust.I started to tell him more about werewolves, but I didnt even get the whole word out Charlie cut me off and said hed rather not know the specifics. Then he asked if youd cognise what you were getting yourself into when you married Edward, and I said, Sure, shes known all about this for years, since she first came to Forks. He didnt like that very much. I let him rant till he got it out of his system. after he got appeaseed down, he just wanted two things. He wanted to see you, and I said it would be better if he gave me a head start to explain.I inhaled deeply. What was the other thing he wanted?Jacob smiled. Youll like this. His main request is that he b e told as little as possible about all of this. If its not absolutely essential for him to know something, then keep it to yourself. Need to know, only.I felt relief for the first time since Jacob had walked in. I can handle that part.Other than that, hed just like to pretend things are normal. Jacobs smile turned smug he must defendant that I would be starting to feel the first faint stirrings of gratitude about now.What did you tell him about Renesmee? I struggled to maintain the razor edge in my voice, competitiveness the reluctant appreciation. It was premature. There was still so much wrong with this situation. Even if Jacobs intervention had brought out a better reaction in Charlie than Id ever hoped forOh yeah. So I told him that you and Edward had inherited a new little mouth to feed. He glanced at Edward. Shes your orphaned ward like Bruce Wayne and Dick Grayson. Jacob snorted. I didnt think youd mind me lying. Thats all part of the peppy, right? Edward didnt respond in any way, so Jacob went on. Charlie was way past being shocked at this point, but he did ask if you were adopting her. Like a daughter? Like Im sort of a grandfather? were his exact words. I told him yes. Congrats, Gramps, and all of that. He even smiled a little.The stinging returned to my eyes, but not out of fear or anguish this time. Charlie was smiling at the idea of being a grandpa? Charlie would meet Renesmee?But shes changing so fast, I whispered.I told him that she was more special than all of us put together, Jacob said in a soft voice. He stood and walked right up to me, motion Leah and Seth off when they started to follow. Renesmee reached out to him, but I hugged her more tightly to me. I told him, Trust me, you dont want to know about this. But if you can ignore all the strange parts, youre going to be amazed. Shes the most wonderful person in the whole world. And then I told him that if he could deal with that, you all would come around for a while and he would have a chance to get to know her. But that if it was too much for him, you would leave. He said as long as no one forced too much information on him, hed deal.Jacob stared at me with half a smile, waiting.Im not going to say thank you, I told him. Youre still putting Charlie at a huge risk.I am sorry about it hurting you. I didnt know it was like that. Bella, things are different with us now, but youll always be my best friend, and Ill always love you. But Ill love you the right way now. Theres finally a balance. We both have people we cant live without.He smiled his very most Jacob-y smile. Still friends?Try as hard as I could to resist, I had to smile back. Just a tiny smile.He held out his hand an offer.I took a deep breath and shifted Renesmees weight to one arm. I put my left hand in his he didnt even flinch at the feel of my cool skin. If I dont kill Charlie tonight, Ill consider forgiving you for this.Whenyou dont kill Charlie tonight, youll owe me huge.I rolled my eyes.He held o ut his other hand toward Renesmee, a request this time. Can I?Im actually holding her so that my hands arent free to kill you, Jacob. Maybe later.He sighed but didnt push me on it. Wise of him.Alice raced back through the door then, her hands full and her expression promising violence.You, you, and you, she snapped, glaring at the werewolves. If you must stay, get over in the corner and commit to being there for a while. I need to see. Bella, youd better give him the baby, too. Youll need your arms free, anyway.Jacob grinned in triumph.Undiluted fear ripped through my stomach as the enormity of what I was about to do hit me. I was going to gamble on my iffy self-control with my pure human father as the guinea pig. Edwards earlier words crashed in my ears again.Did you consider the physical pain youre putting Bella through, even if she can resist? Or the emotional pain if she doesnt?I couldnt imagine the pain of failure. My breathing turned to gasps.Take her, I whispered, sliding Ren esmee into Jacobs arms.He nodded, c at oncern wrinkling his forehead. He gestured to the others, and they all went to the far corner of the room. Seth and Jake slouched on the floor at once, but Leah shook her head and pursed her lips.Am I allowed to leave? she griped. She looked self-conscious in her human body, wearing the same dirty t-shirt and cotton shorts shed worn to shriek at me the other day, her short hair glutinous up in irregular tufts. Her hands were still shaking.Of course, Jake said.Stay east so you dont cross Charlies path, Alice added.Leah didnt look at Alice she ducked out the back door and stomped into the bushes to phase.Edward was back at my side, stroking my face. You can do this. I know you can. Ill help you we all will.I met Edwards eyes with panic screaming from my face. Was he laborious enough to stop me if I made a wrong move?If I didnt believe you could handle it, wed disappear today. This very minute. But you can. And youll be happier if you can have Charlie in your life.I tried to slow my breathing.Alice held out her hand. There was a small white box on her palm. These will irritate your eyes they wont hurt, but theyll cloud your vision. Its annoying. They also wont match your old color, but its still better than bright red, right?She flipped the contact box into the air and I caught it.When did you Before you left on the honeymoon. I was prepared for several possible futures.I nodded and opened the container. Id never worn contacts before, but it couldnt be that hard. I took the little brown quarter-sphere and pressed it, concave side in, to my eye.I blinked, and a film interrupted my sight. I could see through it, of course, but I could also see the metric grain of the thin screen. My eye kept focusing on the microscopic scratches and warped sections.I see what you mean, I murmured as I stuck the other one in. I tried to not blink this time. My eye automatically wanted to dislodge the obstruction.How do I look?Edward smil ed. Gorgeous. Of course Yes, yes, she always looks gorgeous, Alice finished his thought impatiently. Its better than red, but thats the highest commendation I can give. Muddy brown. Your brown was much prettier. Keep in mind that those wont last forever the venom in your eyes will dissolve them in a few hours. So if Charlie stays longer than that, youll have to excuse yourself to replace them. Which is a good idea anyway, because populace need bathroom breaks. She shook her head. Esme, give her a few pointers on acting human while I stock the powder room with contacts.How long do I have?Charlie will be here in five minutes. Keep it simple.Esme nodded once and came to take my hand. The main thing is not to sit too still or move too fast, she told me.Sit down if he does, Emmett interjected. Humans dont like to just stand there.Let your eyes locomote every thirty seconds or so, Jasper added. Humans dont stare at one thing for too long.Cross your legs for about five minutes, then sw itch to crosswalk your ankles for the next five, Rosalie said.I nodded once at each suggestion. Id noticed them doing some of these things yesterday. I thought I could mimic their actions.And blink at least iii times a minute, Emmett said. He frowned, then darted to where the television remote sat on the end table. He flipped the TV on to a college football game and nodded to himself.Move your hands, too. Brush your hair back or pretend to scratch something, Jasper said.I said Esme Alice complained as she returned. Youll overwhelm her.No, I think I got it all, I said. Sit, look around, blink, fidget.Right, Esme approved. She hugged my shoulders.Jasper frowned. Youll be holding your breath as much as possible, but you need to move your shoulders a little to make it /oo/clike youre breathing.I inhaled once and then nodded again.Edward hugged me on my free side. You can do this, he repeated, murmuring the encouragement in my ear.Two minutes, Alice said. Maybe you should start out alr eady on the couch. Youve been sick, after all. That way he wont have to see you move right at first.Alice pulled me to the sofa. I tried to move slowly, to make my limbs more clumsy. She rolled her eyes, so I must not have been doing a good job.Jacob, I need Renesmee, I said.Jacob frowned, unmoving.Alice shook her head. Bella, that doesnt help me see.But I need her. She keeps me calm.7The edge of panic in my voice was unmistakable.Fine, Alice groaned. Hold her as still as you can and Ill try to see around her. She sighed wearily, like shed been asked to work overtime on a holiday. Jacob sighed, too, but brought Renesmee to me, and then retreated quickly from Alices glare.Edward took a seat beside me and put his arms around Renesmee and me. He leaned forward and looked Renesmee very seriously in the eyes.Renesmee, someone special is coming to see you and your mother, he said in a solemn voice, as if he expected her to understand every word. Did she? She looked back at him with clear, grave eyes. But hes not like us, or even like Jacob. We have to be very careful with him. You shouldnt tell him things the way you tell us.Renesmee touched his face.Exactly, he said. And hes going to make you thirsty. But you mustnt bite him. He wont heal like Jacob.Can she understand you? I whispered.She understands. Youll be careful, wont you, Renesmee? Youll help us?Renesmee touched him again.No, I dont care if you bite Jacob. Thats fine.Jacob chuckled.Maybe you should leave, Jacob, Edward said coldly, glaring in his direction. Edward hadnt forgiven Jacob, because he knew that no matter what happened now, I was going to be hurting. But Id take the burn happily if that were the worst thing Id face tonight.I told Charlie Id be here, Jacob said. He needs the moral support.Moral support, Edward scoffed. As far as Charlie knows, youre the most repulsive monster of us all.Repulsive? Jake protested, and then he laughed quietly to himself.I heard the tires turn off the highway onto the quiet, damp earth of the Cullens drive, and my breathing spiked again. My heart ought to have been hammering. It made me anxious that my body didnt have the right reactions.I concentrated on the steady thrumming of Renesmees heart to calm myself. It worked pretty quickly.Well done, Bella, Jasper whispered in approval.Edward tightened his arm over my shoulders.Youre sure? I asked him.Positive. You can do anything He smiled and kissed me.It wasnt precisely a peck on the lips, and my wild vampiric reactions took me off guard yet again. Edwards lips were like a shot of some addictive chemical straight into my nervous system. I was instantly lust more. It took all my concentration to remember the baby in my arms.Jasper felt my mood change. Er, Edward, you might not want to distract her like that right now. She needs to beable to focus.Edward pulled away. Oops, he said.I laughed. That had been my line from the very beginning, from the very first kiss.Later, I said, and anticipation curle d my stomach into a ball.Focus, Bella, Jasper urged.Right. i pushed the trembly feelings away. Charlie, that was the main thing now. Keep Charlie safe today. We would have all night___Bella.Sorry, Jasper.Emmett laughed.The sound of Charlies cruiser got closer and closer. The second of levity passed, and everyone was still. I crossed my legs and practiced my blinks.The car pulled in front of the house and idled for a few seconds. I wondered if Charlie was as nervous as I was. Then the engine cut off, and a door slammed. Three steps across the grass, and then eight echoing thuds against the wooden stairs. Four more echoing footsteps across the porch. Then silence. Charlie took two deep breaths.Knock, knock, knock.I inhaled for what might be the last time. Renesmee nestled deeper into my arms, hiding her face in my hair.Carlisle answered the door. His stressed expression changed to one of welcome, like switching the channel on the TV.Hello, Charlie, he said, looking appropriately abash ed. After all, we were supposed to be in Atlanta at the Center for Disease Control. Charlie knew hed been lied to.Carlisle, Charlie greeted him stiffly. Wheres Bella?Right here, Dad.Ugh My voice was so wrong. Plus, Id used up some of my air supply. I gulped in a quick refill, glad that Charlies scent had not saturated the room yet.Charlies blank expression told me how off my voice was. His eyes zeroed in on me and widened.I read the emotions as they scrolled across his face.Shock. Disbelief. Pain. Loss. Fear. Anger. Suspicion. More pain.I bit my lip. It felt funny. My new teeth were sharper against my granite skin than my human teeth had been against my soft human lips.Is that you, Bella? he whispered.Yep. I winced at my wind-chime voice. Hi, Dad.He took a deep breath to steady himself.Hey, Charlie, Jacob greeted him from the corner. Howre things?Charlie glowered at Jacob once, shuddered at a memory, and then stared at me again.Slowly, Charlie walked across the room until he was a f ew feet away from me. He darted an accusing glare at Edward, and then his eyes flickered back to me. The warmth of his body heat beat against me with each pulse of his heart.Bella? heasked again.I spoke in a lower voice, trying to keep the ring out of it.Its really me.His vex locked.Im sorry, Dad, I said.Are you okay? he demanded.Really and truly great, I promised. Healthy as a horse.That was it for my oxygen.Jake told me this was necessary. That you were dying. He said the words like he didnt believe them one bit.I steeled myself, focused on Renesmees warm weight, leaned into Edward for support, and took a deep breath.Charlies scent was a fistful of flames, punching straight down my throat. But it was so much more than pain. It was a hot stabbing of desire, too. Charlie smelled more delicious than anything Id ever imagined. As appealing as the anonymous hikers had been on the hunt, Charlie was doubly tempting. And he was just a few feet away, leaking mouthwatering heat and moistur e into the dry air.But I wasnt hunting now. And this was my father.Edward squeezed my shoulders sympathetically, and Jacob shot an apologetic glance at me across the room.I tried to collect myself and ignore the pain and longing of the thirst. Charlie was waiting for my answer.Jacob was telling you the truth.That makes one of you, Charlie growled.I hoped Charlie could see past the changes in my new face to read the remorse there.Under my hair, Renesmee sniffed as Charlies scent registered with her, too. I tightened my grip on her.Charlie saw my anxious glance down and followed it. Oh, he said, and all the anger put down off his face, leaving only shock behind. This is her. The orphan Jacob said youre adopting.My niece, Edward lied smoothly. He must have decided that the resemblance between Renesmee and him was too enounce to be ignored. Best to claim they were related from the beginning.I thought youd lost your family, Charlie said, accusation returning to his voice.I lost my pare nts. My older brother was adopted, like me. I never saw him after that. But the courts located me when he and his wife died in a car accident, leaving their only child without any other family.Edward was so good at this. His voice was even, with just the right amount of innocence. I needed practice so that I could do that.Renesmee peeked out from under my hair, sniffing again. She glanced shyly at Charlie from under her long lashes, then hid again.Shes shes,well, shes a beauty.Yes, Edward agreed.Kind of a big responsibility, though. You two are just getting started.What else could we do? Edward brushed his fingers lightly over her cheek. I saw him touch her lips for just a moment a reminder. Would you have refused her?Hmph. Well. Heshook his head absently. Jake says you call her Nessie?No, we dont, I said, my voice too sharp and piercing. Her name is Renesmee.Charlie refocused on me. How do you feel about this? Maybe Carlisle and Esme could Shes mine, I interrupted. I want her.Ch arlie frowned. You gonna make me a grandpa so teenaged?Edward smiled. Carlisle is a grandfather, too.Charlie shot an incredulous glance at Carlisle, still standing by the front door he looked like Zeuss younger, better-looking brother.Charlie snorted and then laughed. I guess that does sort of make me feel better.His eyes strayed back to Renesmee. She sure is something to look at. His warm breath blew lightly across the space between us.Renesmee leaned toward the smell, shaking off my hair and looking him full in the face for the first time. Charlie gasped.I knew what he was seeing. My eyes his eyes copied exactly into her perfect face.Charlie started hyperventilating. His lips trembled, and I could read the numbers he mouthed. He was counting backward, trying to fit nine months into one. Trying to put it together but not able to force the depict right in front of him to make any sense.Jacob got up and came over to pat Charlie on the back. He leaned in to whisper something in Ch arlies ear only Charlie didnt know we could all hear.Need to know, Charlie. Its okay. I promise.Charlie swallowed and nodded. And then his eyes blazed as he took a step closer to Edward with his fists tightly clenched.I dont want to know everything, but Im done with the liesIm sorry, Edward said calmly, but you need to know the state-supported story more than you need to know the truth. If youre going to be part of this secret, the public story is the one that counts. Its to protect Bella and Renesmee as well as the rest of us. Can you go along with the lies for them?The room wasfull of statues. I crossed my ankles.Charlie huffed once and then turned his glare on me. You mightve given me some warning, kid.Would it really have made this any easier?He frowned, and then he knelt on the floor in front of me. I could see the movement of the blood in his neck under his skin. I could feel the warm vibration of it.So could Renesmee. She smiled and reached one pink palm out to him. I held h er back. She pushed her otherhand against my neck, thirst, curiosity, and Charlies face in her thoughts. There was a subtle edge to the message that made me think that shed soundless Edwards words perfectly she acknowledged thirst, but overrode it in the same thought.Whoa, Charlie gasped, his eyes on her perfect teeth. How old is she?UrnThree months, Edward said, and then added slowly, rather, shes the size of a three-month-old, more or less. Shes younger in some ways, more mature in others.Very deliberately, Renesmee waved at him.Charlie blinked spastically.Jacob elbowed him. Told you she was special, didnt I?Charlie cringed away from the contact.Oh, cmon, Charlie, Jacob groaned. Im the same person Ive always been. Just pretend this afternoon didnt happen.The reminder made Charlies lips go white, but he nodded once. Just what is your part in all this, Jake? he asked. How much does Billy know? Why are you here? He looked at Jacobs face, which was glowing as he stared at Renesmee.We ll, I could tell you all about it Billy knows absolutely everything but it involves a lot of stuff about werewo Ungh Charlie protested, covering his ears. Never mind.Jacob grinned. Everythings going to be great, Charlie. Just try to not believe anything you see.My dad mumbled something unintelligible. flirt Emmett suddenly boomed in his deep bass. Go GatorsJacob and Charlie jumped. The rest of us froze.Charlie recovered, then looked at Emmett over his shoulder. Florida winning?Just scored the first touchdown, Emmett confirmed. He shot a look in my direction, wagging his eyebrows like a villain in vaudeville. Bout time somebody scored around here.I fought back a hiss. In front of Charlie? That was over the line.But Charlie was beyond noticing innuendos. He took yet another deep breath, sucking the air in like he was trying to pull it down to his toes. I envied him. He lurched to his feet, stepped around Jacob, and half-fell into an open chair. Well, he sighed, I guess we should se e if they can hold on to the lead.

342 – Support Positive Risk Taking For Individuals

Unit 4222-342Support positivistic impart chances taking for single(a)s (HSC 3066)Outcome 1Understand the importance of s dispatch taking in ordinary living 1. Explain commissions in which essay is an integral trip of everyday livingFor many quite a little assay of infection is an possessed part of everyday life. Every day deedivities much(prenominal) as catching the bus, locomotion on holiday, playing football, setting up domicil and outset a family all carry just about element of risk. Risk plays a part in our health, sentry duty devicety, security, hygienic-being, employment, education, daily travelivities, using resources and equipment and in community participation.But some adults, for display case discapabled plenty or older deal, argon often disapprove from taking risks. Traditionally they are non encouraged to express risks in areas much(prenominal) as budgeting, planning, employment and daily living skills. This whitethorn be either beca util ize of their perceived limitations or fear that they or early(a)s energy be harmed. Everyone has a mightily to foreshorten risks and falsify decisions near their lives. in that location is a balance to be found between service users participation in everyday activities and your duty of wangle.Changes in loving care and health policy mean that all adults are being progressively encouraged to increase their license by, for interpreter, travelling unconditionally, and by being full bear upond in mainstream society through education, work and leisure. It is impossible ever to fully eliminate risk. It is however possible to chthonicstate and prepare for risk by preventative action. To moderate people to live indep devastationently or to travel independently or take part in everyday activities delegacy measure out that there are risks that john non be obviateed notwithstanding deal be minimised and prepared for.2. Explain why idiosyncratics may befool been discour aged or prevented from taking risks.For disabled people, a move away from a medical model to a social model of disability at once federal agency that there is an emphasis on the discrimination and exclusion created by social and cultural barriers. For some services, salutees to risk crap in the past been concerned with avoiding potentially harmful situations to service users and staff. People may subscribe to to take risks to achieve their aspirations but people who need can can be discouraged from taking risks.This may be because of their perceived limitations or because of fear that they or opposites might be harmed, conduceing in criticism or compensation claims. A more than despotic progression to risk is now being developed, recognising that in addition to potentially negative characteristics, risk taking can deport positive benefits for case-by-cases, enabling them to do things which most people take for granted. Risk can be beneficial, balancing necessary levels o f protection with preserving reasonable levels of survival and run across.A balance has to be achieved between the wishes of those who use services and the common law duty of Care.3. Describe the links between risk-taking and responsibility, em forefingerment and social inclusion. Personalised care is for everyone, but some people entrust need more bread and butter than others to watch choices about how they live their lives. Everyone has the safe to soulfulnessalised care and as much choice and dominate as possible. As the pace on soulfulnessalisation is picked up it is necessary to ensure that this includes the most vulnerable members of our society, including those who may neediness capacity.With effective soulalisation comes the need to manage risk for people to make decisions as safely as possible. Making risks clear and understood is crucial to empowering service users and carers, recognising people as experts in their own lives. Risk management does not mean trying to eliminate risk. It means managing risks to maximise peoples choice and control over their lives. True empowerment means that people might make decisions service providers disagree with.If the outcomes are part of the verify plan and all risks collect been fully discussed and understood, this can lead to legitimate choice and control and a better quality of life for the individual. With support for positive risk taking it can garter the individual togain self-confidence-achievement, development, new skills and knowledgedevelop skills-goals setting, new activities, supporttake an active part in their community-involvement, participation, inclusionOutcome 2Understand the importance of a positive, person-centred progress to risk judgment . develop the process of developing a positive person-centred approach to risk judging Every opportunity contains risks a life without risk, is a life without opportunities, often without quality and without change. Traditional methods of risk surveyment are full of charts and scoring systems, but the person, their objectives, dreams and life seem to get forgotten. A person centred approach focus on the individuals practiceds to consume the lifestyle that they chose, including the right to make bad decisions.It is about serve uping people and those who care about them, think in a positive and productive way in order to achieve the changes they want while asserting the come on of risk in its place. Risk management is finding a balance between positive risk taking base on autonomy and independence and a policy of protection for the person and the community based on minimising harm. Bates and Silberman give a list of 7 criteria that any much(prenominal) approach would have to fulfil, these beingInvolvement of Service Users and Relatives in Risk Assessment. affirmatory and In acted Risk Taking.Proportionality.Contextualising Behaviour.Defensible Decision Making.A Learning Culture.Tolerable Risks. .2. explain how to hold up the principles and methods of a person-centred approach to severally of the different stages of the process of risk mind Working in a personalised way and developing a positive person-centred approach means accepting there are risks that cannot be avoided but which can be prepared for.Reasonable risk is about striking a balance in empowering people with support needs to make choices ensuring that the person has all the teaching, tailored to their specific needs, in the arrogate format, to make their best decisions Involvement of service users and relatives in risk assessment Involving the person concerned and the people that care about them most is one of the most funda kind tenets of any person centred approach.The process uses the Relationship Circle to help the person and their allies grade key people who could form the persons circle of support. This group of people is involved from the outset, in the initial gathering of information, in the framing of what th e risk under discussion actually is, in thinking that generates ideas and solutions, in evaluating these solutions, in decision making around the risk, in implementing the actions and in the development that takes place during these actions. mental faculty must understand what service users and others want, how they view their own risks and what responsibilities each(prenominal) person has in managing risks effectively. The Person Centred Approach acquires this by asking for a clear picture of what the person wishes to achieve, why this is all great(p) to the person, what success would look like, a history of the risk and uses the doughnut tool and decision making agreement tools to look at staff designs and responsibilities, and at who go away be responsible for different important decisions in relation to the risk. Positive and informed risk taking The process is built around a positive view of the person it seeks to learn what the persons gifts and skills are, what peopl e like and admire about them, as well as investigating what would be necessary to keep them and others safe while taking the risk. The process is based on finding productive solutions rather than simply popular opinion things out.Bates and Silberman argue here that quality of life should be maximised while people and communities are kept as safe as can be reasonably expected deep down a unembellished society Thinking around what it would take to keep the person and others safe while taking the risk is a key part of the Positive and profitable Process, as is the use of the Happy/Safe grid, which looks at how much solutions would make the person happy, by meeting what is important to them, and how much they would keep them and others safe, by meeting what is important for them. One section of the process includes a question What does the law say? enabling the process to be informed by the current law, including legislation such as the Human Rights fare. Proportionality The manag ement of the risk must match the gravity of potential harm Using the person centred thinking tools means flexibility. The more serious the issue, the more people and the more period can be spent considering it in greater detail. Unlike conventional risk assessment, the approach explores the consequences of not taking the risk, to the person, to their family, community and services, balancing these against the potential consequences of taking the risk. Contextualising Behaviour why did the person behave in this way? At this time? In this particular? Part of the process involves gathering together previous information about the person, including a history of the persons experience of the risk issue from their own sight, as well as other historical data, gleaned from a variety of sources including learning logs which look at what has worked and what has not worked in particular situations, and communication charts which explore a persons speech and behaviours, seeking their meanin gs and considering what the best response to these messages should be.The 4+1 Questions (What have we tried? what have we acquire? What are we pleased about? what are we concerned about? ) help not only to gain an understanding of a persons behaviour in different contexts, but also to build a picture of what has been learned about what is the best support for that person. Defensible Decision Making there is an explicit and justifiable rationale for the risk management decisions Following the person centred approach generates a clear trail of written records of what has been discussed, the different perspectives, issues and solutions that have been considered, along with any legal issues, such as the human rights act or the mental health act that might affect the risk decision. The paperwork generated during the process provides a clear rationale for why the decisions that emerge during the process have been taken, and why other options have been rejected.The rationale for decision making is also more clearly expounded and recorded than in traditional risk assessment forms in common usage. A Learning Culture The positive and productive approach to risk has a deep emphasis within it on ongoing learning using learning and reflective tools like the learning log, the 4+1 Questions and Whats Working/Whats not running(a), and by clearly defining for staff their core duties and their zone of judgement and creativeness in relation to the risk.If it is part of a serious and concerted attempt by services to change their philosophy and practice in a person centred direction, it can contribute significantly to building a learning culture within systems. Tolerable Risks A key aspect of the Person Centred Approach is that it uses creative thinking techniques around methods to mitigate the risk and improve quality of life, moving from situations which make the person happy but unsafe, to where they and the community are safer, and from strategies where the person is safe but unhappy, to where they can be happier.Experience of using the process is that it enables participants to take a more balanced and rational approach to risk, finding ways to enable the person to achieve what is important to them while considering what keeps that person and the community safe in a way that makes sense for that individual. 3. explain how a service rivet approach to risk assessment would differ from a person centred approach A risk assessment can only identify the probability of harm, assess the impress of it on the individuals, and pose intervention strategies which may diminish the risk or reduce the harm.Assessments cannot prevent risk. Risk is a normal and often beneficial part of everyday life, but while it enables learning and understanding, in the case of potentially destructive consequences it may need to be monitored and restricted. Traditional methods of risk assessment are full of charts and scoring systems, but the person, their objectives, dreams and life seem to get lost somewhere in the pages of tick boxes and statistics. A service focused approach seeks to avoid all risks as far as possible.Staff would be expected to behave and act in a synchronised way with regards risk, not taking into key out the individuals wishes. It has no flexibility and is not a responsive approach to meet peoples changing circumstances. A service centred approach to risk assessment would be head by a standard procedure and can compromise individuals rights to make choices and take risks. Often concerns about minimising and attempting to eliminate risks are in the interests of the organisation, but not necessarily in the interests of the person they are attempting to support.A person centred approach seeks to focus on peoples rights to have the lifestyle that they chose, including the right to make bad decisions. Person centred planning, solicits that staff have a flexible and responsive approach to meet peoples changing circumstances, guided by th e principles of good planning rather than a standard procedure. Staff need to be constantly problem solving in partnership with the person and their family and friends. Person centred planning seeks to develop a better, divided understanding of the person and her situation.A person centred approach to risk taking will find the balance between what is important to the person, their aspirations and the supports that they require. 4. identify the consequences for individuals of a service focused approach to risk-assessment. Risk is a normal and often beneficial part of everyday life. Risk taking can have positive benefits for individuals, enabling them to do things which most people take for granted. While risk taking enables learning and understanding, in the case of potentially destructive consequences, it may need to be monitored and restricted.The problem with a service focused approach to risk assessment, is it reduces an individuals independence and can reduce the positive benef its for the individual. A service focused approach to risk taking tends to have a negative focus on what the individual is not able to do or what they cannot achieve and has a limited outlook on identifying the benefits of positive, person-centred risk assessment. It does not empower the individual or encourage independence.Outcome 3Understand the legal and policy framework underpinning an individuals right to make decisions and take risks . explain how legislation, interior(a) and local policies and guidance provide a framework for decision making which can support an individual to have control over their own lives There are many Legislation and policies which promote the human rights of individuals which support the individuals right to make their own decisions and to take risks. Some are as follows The Equality Act 2010 is the law which bans unfair treatment and helps achieve equal opportunities in the workplace and in wider society.The act replaced previous anti-discrimination laws with a single act to make the law simpler and to remove inconsistencies. This makes the law easier for people to understand and comply with. Theact also streng thereforeed protection in some situations. Theact covers gild protected characteristics, which cannot be used as a reason to treat people unfairly. Every person has one or more of the protected characteristics, so theact protects everyone against unfair treatment. They protected characteristicsareAge Disabilitygender reassignmentmarriage and civil partnershippregnancy and maternityracereligion or beliefsexsexual orientationHuman Rights Act 1998 The Human Rights Act means that residents of the United Kingdom will now be able to seek help from the courts if they believe that their human rights have been infringed. It is likely that anyone working within health and social care will be working within the provision of the Human Rights Act, which guarantees the following rightsThe Right to life The right to granting immunit y from torture and inhuman or degrading punishmentThe right to freedom from slavery, servitude and forced or compulsory labourThe right to liberty and security of personThe right to a fair and public trial within a reasonable timeThe right to freedom from retrospective criminal law and no punishment without lawThe right to respect for private and family life, home and correspondenceThe right to freedom of thought, conscience and religionThe right to freedom of expressionThe right to freedom of assembly and associationThe right to marry and found a familyThe prohibition of discrimination in the recreation of convention rightsThe right to peaceful enjoyment of possessions and protection of propertyThe right to access to an educationThe right to free electionsThe right not to be subjected to the death penalty moral Capacity Act 2005 The MCA applies to England and Wales. The primary purpose of the MCA is to promote and precaution decision-making within a legal framework.It does this in two waysBy empowering people to make decisions for themselves wherever possible and by protecting people who lack capacity by providing a flexible framework that places individuals at the heart of the decision making processBy allowing people to plan ahead for a time in the future when they might lack the capacity for any number of reasons Mental Capacity and Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards 2005.The safeguards provide a framework for approving the personnel casualty of liberty for people who lack the capacity to consent to treatment or care in either a hospital or are home that, in their own best interests, can only be provided in circumstances that amount to a wish of liberty. The safeguards legislation contains detailed essentials about when and how going of liberty may be authorised. It provides for an assessment process that must be undertaken before deprivation of liberty may be authorised and detailed arrangements for change and challenging the authorisation of depr ivation of liberty. The Code of Practice contains guidance on the deprivation of liberty safeguards.It is particularly intended to provide guidance for professed(prenominal)s involved in administering and delivering the safeguards, who are under a duty to have regard to the Code. The Code is also intended to provide information for people who are, or could become, subject to the deprivation of liberty safeguards, and for their families, friends and carers, as well as for anyone who believes that someone is being deprived of their liberty unlawfully. Mental Health Act 2007 amends the Mental Health Act 1983 and the Mental Capacity Act 2005.It introduces significant changes which includeIntroduction of Supervised Community Treatment. This new power replaces supervised discharge with a power to recollect the longanimous to hospital, where the person may be forcibly medicated, if the medication regime is not being complied with in the community.Redefining professional roles broadenin g the range of mental health professionals who can be responsible for the treatment of patients without their consent.Nearest relative making it possible for some patients to appoint a civil partner as nearest relative. rendering of mental disorder introduce a new definition of mental disorder throughout the Act, abolishing previous categoriesCriteria for Involuntary commitment introduce a requirement that someone cannot be detained for treatment unless appropriate treatment is available and remove the treatability test.Mental Health Review Tribunal (MHRT) improve patient safeguards by taking an order-making power which will allow the current time limit to be varied and for automatic referral by hospital managers to the MHRT. Introduction of independent mental health advocates (IMHAs) for serve patients.Electroconvulsive Therapy may not be given to a patient who has capacity to refuse consent to it, and may only be given to an incapacitated patient where it does not conflict with any advance directive, decision of a donee or de prescribey or decision of the Court of Protection. Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006 is in response to the Bichard Inquiry 2005, into the failings around the Ian Huntley case.The SVG act is intended to prevent unsuitable people from working with vulnerable people and to reform current vetting and barring practices. The act sets out a legal framework for the Independent Safeguarding Authority (ISA) scheme which was to be introduced in 2009 (but is currently under review as a result of the 2010 General Election). Valuing People (Department of Health, 2001) was the archetypical Government White Paper on learning disabilities in England for 30 years.It stresses the important role that Person Centred Planning can play in helping people with learning difficulties take charge of their own lives. The Guidance (Department of Health, 2002) stressed that Person Centred Planning is not a professional activity done to people instead peopl e themselves and their friends, families or other allies, must lead it. However, professional services still have an enormous role to play in responding in a more person centred way to people with learning difficulties. For 2009 -10 the key priorities include to ensure that the Personalisation agenda is embedded within all local authority services and developments for people with learning disabilities and their family carers, and is underpinned by person centred planning. Valuing People Now, is the refresh of this white paper in 2009 and is a new three-year strategy for people with learning disabilities (2009), DH and clearly state that good person centred planning should be happening, and will lead to better lives for people.Putting People First A shared vision and commitment to the transformation of Adult Social Care (2007), Department of Health. In the UK the government policy Putting People First stated that person centred planning must become mainstream. Putting People Firs t recognises that person-centred planning and self-directed support are central to delivering personalisation and maximising choice and control. In 2010 guidance was issued to help councils use person centred thinking and planning to deliver the personalisation agenda.Putting People First is a public service reform programme, which is co-produced, co-developed and will be co-evaluated. It recognises that to achieve real change, users and carers must introduce at every stage. This marks a change in status of people who use services, from consumers to co-producers. set out four areas on which councils and their partners should focus in order to personalise services. These areas are universal services transport, leisure, health, education, housing and access to information and advice * choice and control shaping services to meet peoples needs, rather than shaping people to fit in with the services on offer * social capital care and support that individuals and their carers can get from their local community (friends, family, neighbours or community groups) and * early intervention and prevention support that is available for people who need help to stay independent for as long as possible, to keep their home or garden tidy, or to start taking regular effect. 2. escribe how a human rights based approach supports an individual to make decisions and take risks. A human rights based approach (HRBA) to risk management means ensuring individuals know their rights and are being supported to participate in making choices and decisions. A human rights based approach to risk assessment balances the human rights of service users, their carers, and members of their communities. This is so risks can be managed more positively. A HRBA looks at risk through a Human Rights lens, identifies relevant equality and diversity issues, and maximises service user participation and empowerment.A human rights based approach to risk, means ensuring service users are as involved as th ey can possibly be in their own risk assessment process. Whether the service user participates fully or contributes to a small aspect of their risk assessment, some involvement will almost always be possible. The ways in which you possibly apply this in your work practice is through things such as advocacy, direct payments, personalised services, person centred planning and support planning. Outcome 4 Be able to support individuals to make decisions about risks 1. upport an individual to recognise potential risk in different areas of their life 2. support the individual to balance choices with their own and others health, safety and Wellbeing Positive risk taking is a process which starts with the identification of potential benefit or harm. The desired outcome is to encourage and support people in positive risk taking to achieve personal change or growth. The individuals could face risks in many different areas of their life including, risks relating to their health, their social l ife and also their finances and it is important to support the individual to recognise those potential risks.The risk assessment looks at four areas of risk risks to self, risks to others and risks from other and risks to property. Within each area of risk, common risk issues and difficulties (for example self harm, bodily aggression, abuse issues) are itemised. It is also important that the individual realises that although they have a right to take risks they also have a responsibility towards themselves and others, includingColleaguesFamilies or carersFriendsOther professionalsMembers of the publicAdvocatesAnd it is important that whilst maximising their quality of life they also need to maintain their safety, responsibilities to themselves and others for social emotional and physical reasons. Supporting an individual to recognise potential risks whilst balancing the choices with their own and others health, safety and well-being involvesEmpowering people to access opportunities and take worthwhile chances.Understanding the persons perspective of what they will gain from taking risks and understanding what they will lose if they are prevented from taking the risk. Ensuring the individual understanding the consequences of different actions An informed choice means that a person has the information and support to think the choice through and to understand what the reasonably expected consequences may be of making that choice.Helping the individual to make decisions based on all the choices available and accurate information It is important to remember that too much information can be oppressive and individuals have differing needs in relation to how information is presented to them.Being positive about risk taking. Understanding a persons strengths and finding creative ways for people to be able to do things rather than ruling them out.Knowing what has worked or not in the past and where problems have arisen, understanding whysupporting people who use serv ices to learn from their experiences.ensuring support and advocacy is availablesometimes supporting short term risks for long-term gains.ensuring that services provided promote independence not dependenceassuming that people can make their own decisions (in line with the Mental Capacity Act) and supporting people to do so working in partnership with adults who use services, family carers and advocates and recognise their different perspectives and viewsdeveloping an understanding of the responsibilities of each partypromoting trusting working relationships. 3. describe how own values, belief systems and experiences may affect working practice when supporting an individual to take risks Giving people who use services choice and control over the care they receive is important if personalisation is to become a reality.The responsibility for encouragingrisk-taking can make you looking they are being put in a difficult position trying to balance personalisation with your own values and beliefs and also your duty to keep people safe. Because of your own past experiences you may feel that the risks involved, will result in problems, but you should not let this interfere with the individuals desires. Because you had a bad experience following a course of action does not necessarily mean this will happen to others. An example could be an individual wanting to join a lonely patrol wagon club.Your own thought may be negative towards this course of action, possibly because you have personally had a bad experience or possibly because you feel this is not the best way to meet people. Your beliefs and experiences should not cloud the issue. It is important that you feel confident and equipped to support people you are caring for to assess and evaluate their own risks. Advice is readily available when facing difficult cases in the form of risk enablement panels, which can share responsibility for making complex decisions when write off a persons support plan.The panel woul d usually involve the individual or any advocates or carers representing them members of the local safeguarding adults board the allocated social worker and specialists such as a psychiatrist.4. record all discussions and decisions make relating to supporting the individual to take risks. It is important to ensure that any discussions and decisions made relating to supporting the individual to take risks or concerning risks, are recorded in their support plan. Records will need to be understandable to all the members of the team.The aim of record keeping is to ensure that the right people have the right information to provide the best care for the service user and they also provide a record of what you and the individual have discussed and decided with regards risk taking. The records should also record any incidents which have taken place. The reason for keeping the records areTo show that you have offered the individual choicesTo show that you have agreed the desired outcomesTo sh ow that the individual has given their consent.This is important for two very important reasons Responsibility The records will indicate who is responsible for what parts of the plan, this avoids confusedness as everyone is clear of what their responsibilities are (Responsibility (for) can be defined as a set of tasks or functions that an employer, professional body, court of law or some other recognised body can legitimately demand. ) Accountability means the person is contractually accountable to their employer and also accountable to the law, for any actions or ommissions in their practice and must always be able to justify their decisions.When work is being either distributed or delegated, the individual who carries it out needs to be adequate to do so. Competence is an individuals ability to effectively apply knowledge, understanding, skills and values within a designated scope of practice. (Accountability describes the mechanism by which failure to exercise responsibility ma y produce sanctions such as warnings, disciplining, suspension, criminal prosecution, or deregistration from professional status. It can be called answerability).Where a professional or organisation makes a decision not to support an individual to pursue a particular decision or course of action, they must be able to explain this and demonstrate that they have thought through and discussed in a balanced and proportional way the potential consequences of refusing to support the risk Where the individual is able to make an informed choice and still wishes to pursue a high risk decision or choice, having a signed risk assessment is one way of showing that they are cognisant of the risks and are willing to take them.This provides organisations and professionals with a significant degree of protection for their support of the decision should things go wrong.Outcome 5Be able to support individuals to take risks 1. complete a risk assessment with an individual following agreed ways of wor king Risk assessment is the activity of collecting information through observation, communication and investigation.It is an ongoing process that involves considerable persistence and skill to assemble and manage relevant information in ways that become substantive for the users of services (and significant other people) as well as the practitioners involved in delivering services and support. To be effective it needs disabled adults and older people, their families, carers, advocates and practitioners to move and talk to each other about decisions that have been taken and their appropriateness in the light of experience.Where a risk assessment is needed, a decision and then has to be taken about whether or not positive risk-taking is necessary to achieve certain outcomes for the person concerned. It will not always be appropriate to take positive risks but this has to be determined in partnership with the person affected, and their family where appropriate. It is a professional judgement that should not be influenced by an as well cautious approach to risk. At the same time though, positive risk-taking is not negligent ignorance of the potential risks nobody benefits from allowing risks to play their course through to disaster. . communicate the sum of the risk assessment to others It is important to communicate and work in a consistent way with all those supporting the individual. Information gathering and share is important. It is not just an essential part of risk assessment and management, but also key to identifying a risk in the first place. It is important to communicate the contentedness of the risk assessment to all relevant staff. It will also be important to discuss and explain the risk assessment with the individuals carer and family.The individuals goals and targets should be discussed with all concerned, to aid understanding regards the risk assessment and to ensure all those involved are aware of the desired outcomes. However, the use an d sharing of information must respect the principles outlined in the Data Protections Act 1998.3. support the individual to take the risk for which the assessment has been completed Once the support plan has been completed and the risks defined it is important to support the individual to take the risks. This may involve discussing the risk assessment in depth with the individuals family.The individuals desired outcomes could conflict with those of carers, especially when the latter placed more emphasis on safety while the individual was prepared to accept a greater level of risk in order to maintain independence. Differences in attitudes to risk had to be tackled through good social work, to honour the individuals preferences while helping the family to distinguish between unconventional and dangerous behaviours. Another way of supporting the individual to take the risk in the first instance, could involve a trial run.An example could be where the individual wants to make an indep endent trip in to town using public transport.On the first trip you could accompany the individual on each step of the journey.On the second trip, you could accompany them to the town and then arrange to meet with them later in the day.On the third gear trip, you may just accompany them to the bus stop. Gradually you can reduce the amount of support you provide. Another method of support could be to have a contingency plan in case things dont quite go according to plan.If we look again at the last scenario, what would happen if the individual missed the last bus home? By ensuring they have a pre-arranged telephone number of their next of kin or carer they can make them aware of the problem. Alternatively they may have the telephone number of the local mini cab office who would bring them home as an alternative. It is also important that the individual knows what to do if things do go wrong. You can support them to take risks by ensuring they have clear information and advice about what to do if they have any concerns.For example they should be aware of and be able to recognise and identify abuse or neglect and know where and how they should seek help if necessary. Your support doesnt end once the risk assessment has been carried out. 4. review and revise the risk assessment with the individual After each risk assessment has been agreed it is important that it is monitored and reviewed in case any revisions are necessary. Risks may change as circumstances change, so they should be reviewed regularly. An assessment is a snapshot, whereas a risk assessment is an ongoing thing.Risk assessments should be reviewed periodically and whenever circumstances change to ensure they remain current. At the time the risk assessment is made it should include the signatures of everyone involved in the assessment and a review date should be identified. It is important to review and revise risk assessments so that the success of the positive risk taking can be assessed and any n ecessary adjustments can be made. It may be necessary for the individual to have access to further resources to enhance the plan or adaptations could be made to help the individual meet their planned outcomes.When positive risk-taking has a negative consequence, it is necessary to identify what has gone wrong and how the assessment and management of the risk contributed to this. Inevitably if we are supporting individuals to have more choice and control in their lives through positive approaches to managing risk, things are likely to go wrong from time to time. If this happens and the risk taken results in a negative outcome for the individual, there is no doubt that the risk taking process will come under scrutiny and the way in which this process worked to minimise the foreseeable risks will be considered.If the risks taken do not meet the planned outcomes for the individual then they may have to be reviewed and revised. 5. evaluate with the individual how taking the identified ri sk has contributed to their well-being. Well-being describes the way we think and feel about ourselves and others, our confidence, and our ability to control things in our life. We all need to protect our wellbeing and this can be done by taking part in physical activity and having opportunities for slackening and social activities. These can increase our resilience to cope with lifes difficulties and ability to enjoy life.You will need to evaluate, with the individual, how taking the identified risks has contributed to their well-being and quality of life. This will involve looking at the positive and the negative consequences and outcomes of their choices. Has taking the risks met the individuals needs and achieved their desired outcomes. Taking the identified risks should result in the individual sentiment empowered and having greater independence, control and a sense of normality about their lives. By supporting an individual to take positive risks, it can help them to evaluat e alternative courses of action and can build confidence.The experience of failure, as a result of risk taking in a safe environment, can help to build resilience to setbacks and help individuals to manage risk better in the future.Outcome 6Understand duty of care in relation to supporting positive risk-taking 1. explain how the principle of duty of care can be maintained while supporting individuals to take risks Ultimately, you have a statutory duty of care and a responsibility not to agree to a support plan if there are serious concerns that it will not meet an individuals needs or if it places an individual in a dangerous situation.Whilst an individual can choose voluntarily to live with a level of risk and is authorise to do so (with the law treating that person as having consented to the risk) the local authority is not obliged to fund it. There is an important distinction between place people at risk and enabling them to choose to take reasonable risks. Inevitably if we are supporting individuals to have more choice and control in their lives through positive risk taking, things may go wrong from time to time.A defensible decision is one where those involved in the risk assessing process utilize reliable assessment methodsActed responsibly in relation to their duty of careWere not negligentAssessed and took steps to manage and minimise foreseeable risksRecorded decisions and subsequently checked they were carried outFollowed policies, procedures and guidanceInvolved the person and other relevant people in the processSupported people to make informed decisionsIdentification of positive and negative risksInvolvement of people who use services and those who are important to them this includes people who form the individuals informal circle of support, who are involved from the beginning to gather information, define what the risks are from the individuals point of view and to discuss ways to enable and manage these risks. Positive and informed risk-taki ng this is built on a strengths-based approach to the person and looks at creative ways for people to be able to do things rather than ruling them out. Proportionality this means that the time and effort spent on managing a risk should match the severity of that risk.The approach should also explore the consequence of not taking the risk in question, such as loss of autonomy or restriction of choice. Contextualising behaviour this means knowing about the persons history and social environment, their previous experience of risk, what has and has not worked in previous situations. Defensible decision making this means recording a clear rationale for all the decisions made and the discussions that led to the decisions, including reference to relevant legislation such as the Mental Capacity Act or the Human Rights Act. A learning culture this require a commitment to ongoing learning and the use of reflective practice for people working at the frontline. Tolerable risks this involv es negotiating and balancing issues of risk and safety to identify what is acceptable for everyone concerned (the individual and others including the community) on a case by case basis.2. describe what action to take if an individual decides to take an unplanned risk that places him/herself or others in immediate or imminent danger. Imminent danger refers to any danger or dangerous condition that would not normally take place. If you think an individual is about to take an unplanned risk which will place them or others in immediate or imminent danger it is important to take appropriate corrective and preventative action and stop the activity immediately. An individual who is injuring himself/herself or is threatening physical harm to others may be restrained in an emergency to safeguard the individual and others. Risk assessments should include contingency measures that address risks arising from unplanned events.Physical intervention isA method of responding to the challenging beha viour of people with a learning disability and/or autism, which involves some degree of direct physical force. Physical intervention may be the only course of action. Staff should be equipped with a range of skills to deal with and de-escalate potentially violent situations, as well as a range of restraint techniques that will allow for use of the minimum level of force possible. Physical intervention is only used in response to challenging behaviour and to restrict the bowel movement and mobility of the person concerned.