Metaphysics and Theories of Reality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Metaphysics and Theories of Reality - Essay Example Through these representations, philosophers able to find logic on each other's work. The find meaning and answers to each ideas; answers find its way resulting to another answer. Therefore, based on disagreements and debates from one century to another there's always a never ending process to the meaning of each statements whether it is factual or not. "The Father of all things is war"; I firmly believe that Order and Chaos co-exist with one another and without this, war will be the result. Order and Chaos should be balanced and complement each other. Order is there to make sure that everything is organize, logically formed in a presentable manner and guidelines to follow. If any of these things were not followed accordingly, chaos will be the end result. These two are like a big circle that continuously moving into one direction and is never ending that is why it is a must that each one should follow what is directed. "You can't step into the same river twice"; In my opinion this is a perfect example of what has St. Augustine has mentioned that time is both a combination of linear and progress. Progress in such a way that life is a moving process, each day that we live, we are going and moving forward to one direction. Every path that we crossed is something that we need to think about and needs some changes over time. Linear in a way like parallel to the progress that each one is undertaking daily. Everything that we do cannot whether good or bad decisions affect the linear and progress directions of our lives. It is also one way of saying that change is inevitable. "The only thing that stays the same is nothing stays the same"; Yes, it's actually true that the only permanent thing in this world is change as quoted by one of our great philosophers. It is also true that Eternity and Time has something to do with stability and change. We know that Eternity is God, our creator and the most high. Yet, he's the one who has a full control of our destiny, our path and the one who creates stability. Time is something that can be changed but hard to get back since we can't bring back what was happened in the past though we know that we can change the future or even foresee it and learn from it. The three ideas selected are of great relevance and of importance to our everyday lives. These three are basic human foundation in order for us to be able to survive, reach our goals, target specific aims and use as a guidelines in order to have a clear path and a smooth road towards gaining experience, learning from it and achieving the things that we are aiming for. Likewise, these are ruling principles wherein we could adapt in order to measure how effective are we doing in terms of relationships, goals, and decisions. Through these principles we can then say that in one way or another we can apply it to our activities of daily living. We know for a fact that whatever the religion is, we all believe that we have one supreme being who is above all creations and that through HIM that's the main reason why we are here in this planet. Every day we make our decisions and every day through mistakes we all learn from it this is where we apply that change is the only permanen

Organized sport Essay Example for Free

Organized sport Essay There are multiple benefits of playing an organized sport in school and it definitely help you out in life. Confidence is a huge part of being part of an organized sport. When you improve and keep improving you will start to feel better about yourself. Your coach will tell you the same thing when you are doing well and that should be a great feeling and will greatly increase your confidence. Sportsmanship is another benefit of playing sports. When someone makes you angry when you are playing you need to be able to stay composed and don’t let it get to you. It’s the same way when you are not playing a sport. You shouldn’t need to start anything with anyone. Playing organized sports will also help you with getting along with people. You need to be able to get along with your teammates especially. It is part of team chemistry and if it isn’t there then the team might not be as good as they could be if you just got along. If you don’t like them you still need to get along with them while playing your sport or it wont work. Students who participate in organized sports tend to work harder in school and have greater educational aspirations. It can also be an incentive to get better grades in school. Some schools require minimum grade point averages and attendance to be eligible. Parents can also set certain requirements for their kids. When children participate in these types of activities they learn to communicate and work better with their peers and adults. Organized sports are usually made up of kids who have a lot of different social backgrounds. Which can help teach them about diversity and give them the opportunity to make new friends. It teaches you a strong work ethic as well. They are more likely to be active and hard working students. Organized sports teach kids how to be disciplined during practice and how to focus to the task they are doing at the moment, and how to be patient when things get a little rough. Athletes also have to be able to achieve balance between their schoolwork and sports. There are many ways that benefit kids who participate in organized sports. Perseverance will make them stronger and the will gain the willpower to be the best athlete they can possibly be.

The Romanticism Period Essay -- history, neoclassicists

History is the story and knowledge of the past. There are individuals that are interested by history and wish to study it by learning more. It is very informative to know what has happened in the past for self-knowledge. An individual cannot be naà ¯ve to the past including but not limited to how literature came to. One can understand literature more when they understand the time period the author wrote during and the way they wrote. There are several time periods different authors have been through with each period having specific beliefs. Romanticism is the time period that interests me the most; it was a time during the eighteenth century and focused on nature along with the individual’s expression of imagination and emotion. The Romanticism period started in 1789 and lasted till 1830. This time period was a major international movement, shaping modern views of art, literature, music, and other aspects in life. Romanticism was the â€Å"reaction against artistic styles of classical antiquity, which was neoclassicism.† Neoclassicists focused on the power of reasoning to discover the truth while Romantics focused on the hope to transform the world through the power of imagination. They had a deep love for nature (Furst 302). The aspects of romanticism are important; they are the beliefs of this period. The first aspect includes nature, which allows them to be free from the artificial aspects of civilization; they were with man’s true setting. Nature was there to reveal and heal individuals. An example of the love for nature in Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s poetry ‘Frost at Midnight’ is he is describing how happy he is that his baby will be able to see nature instead of living in the city like he did, â€Å"But thou, my babe! shalt wander like ... ...what it is without the influence of the key leading intellectual figures of the romantic period and also the leading literary figures. This information is still used today and the literature is still read and passed down to generations. The romantic period is by far the most interesting in my eyes because of the literature works that were written during that time. â€Æ' Works Cited Fuller, Edmund. The New Book of Knowledge. Vol. 5. Danbury: Grolier Incorporated, 2000. Print. Furst, Lilian. The New Book of Knowledge. Vol. 16. Danbury: Grolier Incorporated, 2000. Print. Hart, James D. "Romanticism." The Oxford Companion to American Literature. New York: Oxford University Press, 1983. Print. King, Neil. The Romantics. New York: Evans Brother Limited, 2003. Print. Phillips, Jerry, and Andrew Ladd. Romanticism and Transcendentalism. New York: DWJ Books LLC, 2006. Print.

Structural Functionlism Theory

In any political system are structures that have different functions to ensure an effective and smooth running of things in that particular political system. This is why this essay will discuss the problems faced by opposition political parties in Zambia using the structural functionalist theory. First it will explain what structural functionalism is, then it will define structures, functions, a political party and an opposition party then before giving the conclusion it will discuss the problems faced by opposition parties in Zambia.Johari (2011) defines structural functionalism as a means of explaining what political structures perform what basic functions in a political system, it is a tool of investigation. Macions and Gerber (2010:14) states â€Å"this approach looks at society through a macro-level orientation, which is a broad focus on the social structures that shape society as a whole and by this society evolves like organisms†. According to Johari (2011:73) â€Å"fu nctions deal with the consequences involving objectives as well as processes of the patterns of action, Structures refer to those arrangements within the system which perform the functions.For example the police are a structure within the political system that have a function of maintaining peace and order. â€Å"In the concept of functions, three basic questions are involved- what basic functions are discharged in any given system, by what instruments those functions are performed and under what conditions the performance of these functions are done†,(Ibid). Merton (1957:51) says â€Å"functions are those observed consequences which make for the adaptation or re-adjustment of a given system and dysfunctions those observed consequences which lessen the adaptation or adjustment of the system†.A political party is a body of men united for promoting the national interests on some particular principles in which they are all agreed. It is also defined as a group of men prof essing the same political doctrine. These parties perform a lot of functions. Political parties unite, simplify and stabilise the political process. They seek to widen the interests they represent and harmonise interests with each other. They provide a link between the government and the people. Easton (1965) adds on â€Å"political parties seek to educate, instruct and activate the electorate†.That is they perform the job of political mobilisation, secularisation and recruitment. Usually in a political system the government is under the control of a political party. If a political party does not have control of the government but have seats in the parliament then it is an opposition party which means it opposes the government. An opposition party carriers with it all the functions of a political party. Opposition parties are there to check the smooth running of government, in other words they offer checks and balances to the government.In Zambia’s political system are different structures that perform different functions that affect the opposition parties. Among these is the legislature that comprises of the president, cabinet ministers and members of parliament also known as the national assembly. Its function is to make laws that benefit the society as a whole. When a bill is read in the national assembly it has to be supported by the majority of the house in order for it to become a law. Mainly the opposition reject bills that they find not suitable for the society.But of late in Zambia the president has appointed opposition members of parliament to save as cabinet ministers in government which leads to some of them being expelled from their respective political parties. This affects the opposition because â€Å"a party is supposed to form a government based on its own ideology†, (Ibid), therefore when the opposition members of parliament are brought into government they need to adopt and adapt to the ruling party’s ideology hen ce disadvantaging the opposition when it comes to decision making in the national assembly.The Media is also another structure involved with the dissemination of information to the society. According to Almond and Powell (1966) a political party needs to communicate with the electorate. Every time opposition parties receive coverage in an article, have their face on television or their voice on radio, they assume that they increase their chances among potential voters. In Zambia however instead of the media being one of the means of popularity exposure for opposition parties, it tends not to give them enough time because of the media being influenced by government.Zambian Economist (accessed on 17. 12. 13) states â€Å"if the press was free we would for example expect high degree of information compared to a government controlled media†. Hence this becomes a problem for the opposition. The Judiciary has a function of enforcing the law and making sure the rule of law is observ ed. The Zambia Reports (accessed on 9. 12. 13) states â€Å"UPND chairperson for Tourism and Culture Ephraim Belemus said Acting Chief Justice Chibesakunda was compromised and her continued stay at the helm of the Judiciary had proved costly to the justice system of the country†.From this quotation we can tell that in Zambia the opposition political parties have been shut from making meaningful contribution to the nation. This absence of effective participation in the political process is a very serious limitation that Zambian opposition parties face. The executive is in charge of implementing the law and is headed by the president. When a law is made in parliament it has to be ratified by the chief executive officer who happens to be the president.In some cases and in a democratic nation per say the president ratifies laws that are not in favour of the opposition for example in Zambia as the Electoral Institution for Sustainable Democracy in Africa (accessed on 10. 12. 13) r eports â€Å"in May 1996 the Zambian constitution was amended, a presidential candidate needs to be Zambian by birth† this disadvantaged the opposition parties present then like UNIP and its president Dr Kenneth Kaunda is not Zambian by birth.Having discussed the problems of these structural functions on the opposition political parties, it is important that we also discuss how these problems can be improved. To start with the legislature, being a law effecting body Sisson and Snowis (1975) states â€Å"the involvement of the legislature in the making of the law must be considered their central and most fundamental function†. In this case both the opposition and the ruling parties need to participate effectively because the end results should not only benefit a particular party but the society as a whole.â€Å"Modern or modernising societies assume that the legislative institutions ought to serve as auxiliaries in the mobilisation of public support for policies† , (Ibid), as such members of parliament (MP’s) including opposition MPs should be funded to develop their constituencies. The media should be free from any form of corruption or any limitation, government if anything should invest in the media so as to allow it disseminate quality information to the nation at large. Unlike The Zambian situation were the Zambian Economist (accessed on 17. 12. 13) on March 17, 2013 referred to the Zambian media as a â€Å"corrupt media†, the media should bebias free, it should also give the opposition parties just as much attention as it gives the ruling party to allow the opposition share their views about government proceedings and its policies to allow them penetrate to all parts of the nation. The media plays a big function in the popularisation of the parties that wish to form a government in the future. For example the Post Newspaper is seen to have played a big role in the coming into power of the Ruling Patriotic Front (PF) becau se it made the party popular to the nation through its publications when the PF was in opposition.The Judiciary is a mechanism for the resolution of disputes and Zambia being a democratic country the judiciary should be able to provide the opposition with legal support. Under the separation of powers, the judiciary does not make laws it’s the work of the legislature neither does it implement the law which is the work of the Executive rather it interprets the law and applies it to the facts of each case. According to Garner (1952) â€Å"justice means punishment to the wrong doer†. The major task of the judiciary is to ensure equal justice under the law.Ball (1971) states â€Å"The judges may be nominated by the head of state†, this does not mean the judges work for the head of state or the president they work to ensure that there is fair justice within the society. â€Å"The decision of the courts contribute the element of ‘legitimacy’ to the output s of the government. Thus it becomes essential that the behaviour of the courts must not be obstructive or destructive so that the smooth running of the organisation becomes a problem†, (Ibid). Therefore the judiciary needs to be as independent as possible, this would allow free participation of the opposition in the political process.The Executive as its very name indicates, the first and foremost function of the executive is to run the administration of the country. In accordance with Johari (2011) the maintenance of internal peace and order should be the principle function for which the government should be established. For this purpose the executive keeps the police force that acts under its command, it should maintain defence forces to serve the country against external aggressions. The executive’s concern should be to formulate national policies for domestic as well external purposes.All these functions of the Executive should benefit the society as well as opposi tion political parties, for example since the police force is under its command the opposition should be provided with the police service when they go to hold their rallies and campaigns. In conclusion, opposition parties in Zambia are faced with many structural functional problems some of which have been named in the discussion above, members of the opposition political parties are being lost to the ruling party to benefit their desire of having the overall decision making, and legislative work is purely dominated by the ruling party.The media is a very important tool of investigation in the political process in that it provides the society of the happenings around if it is restricted to publish certain information by the government, society will have no means of knowing the wrongs of government making it difficult for opposition parties to provide checks and balances. The judiciary is heavily monitored by the ruling party giving no freedom to opposition parties to effectively part icipate in the political process. The Executive is also biased in the implementation of the law.

Simon Remarriage

The words ‘damaged/fractured/punctured/ broken' create images describing the ex-soldier physically but also referring to how these words could be used to describe the broken love. Therefore, it has been made clear that the love has become painful and traumatic as a consequence of war. Also, the metaphorical use Of ‘frozen river' and ‘blown hinge' reflects a war zone. The word ‘frozen' could reflect how the relationship has become still and lifeless. The narrator states that his jaw is a ‘blown hinge', suggesting that he is no longer open to her and unable to talk f his traumatic experiences.The image of violence is also incorporated within ‘Quadric' through a western theme showing the intensity of the relationship. ‘High noon' and ‘calamity' implant the image of a standoff in the wild west. This image of the standoff is inferred to be comparable to the relationship through the painful arguing that the once desire has turned into. Duffy references ‘hard liquor' to suggest that the relationship is reckless and has turned into something that is unhealthy also that if love goes wrong it can bring difficulties along with it. Manhunt' is made up of a series of couplets.The form of the poem creates a sense of fragmentation and the stages of process and search that the narrator has been through in order to find and heal their love. The series of couplets can be seen as a ladder that she is trying to climb to retrieve love once more, like the image of the ‘broken ribs'. Also, the rhyme scheme is irregular suggesting how the strength of the relationship is constantly changing. There is a personal tone to this poem as much of the topics are personal and it is quite conversational, inferring the woman is liking to her husband but cannot get through due to his physical and mental damage.Similarly, ‘Quadric' is structured to reflect the love in the relationship. This poem forms a broken sonnet, showing the eff ects of the broken love. Duffy may have used enjambment between stanzas to capture the idea of relentless pain and that she does not want to finish the sentence and the relationship. The technique of enjambment has been used to separate ‘I'm all' from ‘alone' reflecting the isolation the women feels. Simon Remarriage incorporates many delicacy and care adjectives: ‘mind/hold/attend'.

Copper Practical Essay Example

Copper Practical Essay Example Copper Practical Essay Copper Practical Essay In this practical I will be making copper. Copper is extracted by reduction although for many purposes such as electrical wiring, copper is required in a high state of purity. For this purpose, copper is purified by electrolysis. Purification of copper by electrolysis consists of an anode made of an impure copper plate and a cathode made of a pure copper plate. The electrolyte is copper (II) sulphate solution. All of the impurities that were in the impure copper plate are collected at the bottom of the cell and are known as anode mud. This can also be refined to produce precious metals such as silver, gold and platinum. Materials Bunsen burner Malachite powder (copper carbonate) Carbon powder Heat proof mat Weighing scales Beaker Test tube Filter paper Cold water Spatula Test tube rack Scrap paper (for using as a surface when weighing the malachite powder) Risk Assessment Risk Danger Precaution Action Malachite powder(copper carbonate) Harmful if swallowed. Powder and dust irritates lung and eyes Handle carefully making sure no powder falls If swallowed wash out mouth. If inhaled get fresh air Carbon powder Inhalation affects lungs Handle carefully making sure not to drop powder or inhale if inhaled get fresh air glassware Could break, causing wounds and bleeding Handle carefully and wear goggles at all times Inform teacher and clear away immediately Method 1. I put 2.5 grams of malachite powder into a large test tube and heated it gently, until it turned black and stopped rising in the test tube. 2. I allowed the test tube to cool. 3. I added 2.5 grams of carbon powder and mixed well. 4. I heated the mixture strongly until it turned red. 5. I let the mixture cool. 6. I then separated the copper from the waste by half filling put the copper onto the filter paper to dry it. I measured the test tube with water and poured the mixture into a beaker of cold water. 7. I then left for 2 minutes and then poured off the dirty water. 8. I kept adding cold water to the mixture and poured off the dirty water until I saw pink copper at the bottom of the tube. 9. I put the copper onto filter paper to dry it. I measured the mass of dried copper. This was my actual yield. 10. I calculated my percentage yield. Results Calculating percentage yield 2CuCO3 2CuO +2CO2 first heating it in air 2CuO+C 2Cu+CO2 heating with carbon Relative atomic masses Cu=63.5 C=12 0=16 Relative molecular mass of copper carbonate (CuCO3) = 248 Calculation= 63.5+12= (163) =123.5 Relative atomic mass of copper (Cu)=63.5 Actual mass of CuCO3 used= Theoretical mass of copper produced= 127 x 2.5 x 247 Percentage yield= actual yield Theoretical yield Conclusion In this practical I was successfully able to create some copper, using the correct laboratory method to create it. However, my copper is impure, with lots of unwanted substances within it. My copper also has poor electrical properties. However, copper which is made in industry also has the same problems, although industries fix this problem by us a variety of methods which I will explain later. Evaluation As my copper is impure, it would not be very suitable for use in industry. When copper is produced in industry, companies ensure they do everything possible to increase the purity of the copper. Purifying copper by electrolysis Copper can be purified by electrolysis. Electrolysis allows you to gain a higher percentage of pure copper as opposed to having impure copper. When aqueous copper sulphate solute is electrolysed on copper electrodes, the copper is deposited on the cathode (which contains pure copper) and the anode loses weight (the anode has the impure copper on it). The aqueous copper sulphate solution has copper ions (Cu2+) and sulphate ions ( SO42-). In the process of electrolysis, the positive Cu2+ are attracted to the negative cathode, which is where they have an increase in the number of electrons and also form neutral copper atoms. The copper is deposited on the cathode. The opposite also occurs in electrolysis. In electrolysis, sulphate ions are attracted towards the positive anode. However, these are ions are very stable and are not discharged. Copper atoms, which are what the anode is made up of, give up 2 electrons to form Cu2+ ions. This technique is carried out industrially to purify impure copper. In industrial electrolysis, the impure copper forms the anode of the electrical cell. The cathode is a sheet of pure copper. The el ectrolyte in this process is copper sulphate solution. The impure copper gets rid of the impurities and pure copper is deposited on the cathode. Electrolysis an important method if the purity of the copper is an important factor in the production process. However, electrolysis is an expensive method to carry out. Also, occasionally it can be difficult to separate pure copper from the carbon. Purer copper is produced in a short period of time, although in order to get a good yield it is necessary to leave the electrolysis to happen over a period of a few hours. Electrolysis works best and most efficiently when it is carried out without any pauses. Electrolysis should be carried out continuously without any pauses. Errors During my practical I encountered errors. I overcame these errors by following all the precautions required, which I will explain. My first possible source of error was when weighing the malachite powder. I could have weighed too much of the malachite powder without noticing and so this may have affected my final result. I overcame this by carefully weighing the malachite powder on accurate scales and zeroing the scales before I weighed the powder, so the weight of the malachite powder did not add onto another weight which would have made my results and practical inaccurate. My second possible source of error was when I was burning the copper until it turned red. I may have been burning the copper for too long and/or not noticed that the copper had already turned red. I overcame this error by concentrating and observing the copper carefully. My third possible source of error was when I was taking the copper out of the test tube and putting it onto the filter paper. I may have accidentally left some of the copper at the bottom of the test tube. This may have been because I had accidentally left it at the bottom of the test tube or I may not have been able to take the copper out of the test tube. I also may have lost some of the copper on my glass rod when I was stirring the solution. Industrial manufacture of copper In this section I will be comparing the method I have used to manufacture copper with the industrial method used to extract and manufacture copper. I will sow this in the form of a comparison table. Comparison point Industrial method( carried out in the blast furnace) Laboratory/school method Grinding the ore process In the blast furnace, this stage is carried out by utilising a crusher first to get individual pieces. These pieces are then grounded into smaller pieces in water by using steel balls in a rotating cylinder. In a laboratory, the copper ore (copper pyrites) is crushed up by using a mortar. It is then further crushed until it is a fine powder. Concentrating the ore The ore is then concentrated by getting rid of all unwanted impurities by carrying out the process of froth flotation. Flotation is the process of crushing impure rocks and then separating the ore from the impurities in order to gain the rich metals. It is used in industry often. In schools and laboratories where there is not access to froth flotation, the ore is concentrated by heating it. This converts it to copper oxide, which has a higher copper content within it, therefore making it more concentrated. Separating the copper This is process of several steps. 1) Matte is produced in a flash furnace. The dry ore is mixed with sand. The word equation of this reaction is as follows: CuFeS2+ 5O2+2SiO2 2Cu2S,FeS + 2FeSiO3+ 4SO2 2) The matte and lag are tapped off separately. Sulphur dioxide is used to create sulphuric acid. 3) Air and sand is reacted with matte. 4) The iron sulphide reacts with air and it is then converted into slag. The word equation to describe this is as follows: 2FeS+ 3O2+2SiO2 2FeSiO3+2SO2 (which is the slag) 5) The copper sulphide reacts to produce a copper metal. The word equation to describe this is as follows: CuS2+O2 2Cu+SO2 6) The end product from all of these stages is called blister copper. It is about 98% pure. The method used for this is the same as I have done in the practical. The copper oxide heated in a test tube with carbon, which produces impure copper. The word equation to describe this is as follows: 2CuO + 2Cu 2Cu + CO2 Purifying the copper To further increase the level of purity of the copper, electrolysis is used. 1) The copper metal is drawn into anodes and it is then electrolysed using 0.3 M copper sulphate 0.2 M sulphuric acid. To ensure you are only gaining pure copper, pure copper cathodes are used. 2) A reaction occurs at the cathode, which can be described as follows: Cu2+(aq) + 2e- Cu(s) This copper is now 99.99% pure. In the laboratory and school, the same level of accuracy does not occur when compared to industrial standards. 1) The copper and carbon mixture is mixed with water and then it is poured into a beaker. 2) This copper is then allowed time to settle. 3) After it has settled, the carbon and water mixture is poured away again. 4) This process is repeated several times. As you can see from this comparison table, the manufacture of copper in industry is a lot more precise and accurate than the manufacture of copper in the school or laboratory. In industry, all methods are employed to ensure that the copper is a pure as possible. However, in school, although every effort is made to try to remove all impurities, some impurities still remain as schools and laboratories sometimes do not have the equipment to ridden the impurities from the copper. In industry, there is key difference in the scale of production from the scale of production within a school or laboratory. In industry, copper is produced on a very large scale, as the copper is required by many people and as a result demand will be higher. This makes industries produce more copper. On the other hand, when copper is produced in the school or laboratory, it is only required by a few people and for small, limited use. As a result of this, there will not be much point in creating lots of copper, which is why copper is produced on a small scale in the school or laboratory. Another area where there is a difference between the industrial production of copper and copper production in the school or laboratory regards cost. Industrial production of copper is on a large-scale and therefore requires a lot more equipment and higher level equipment to maintain a high industrial standard. This requires the expenditure of a lot of money in order to buy the high level equipment. As a result, the cost of manufacturing copper in industry is a lot higher as opposed to the cost of manufacturing copper in school or the laboratory. The reason why the cost of producing copper in school is not very much is because low level equipment is used to manufacture it. In school, we only used basic equipment during our experiment. This equipment does not cost very much and therefore manufacturing copper in the school or laboratory is not expensive.

Mexico and America; Ethnic Groups and Discrimination

Mexico and America; Ethnic Groups and Discrimination Free Online Research Papers Mexicans immigrated to the United States back in the 1800’s (Stanford, 2006). In 1848 the United States took over a part of Mexico which is not the Southwest (which is where I’m from, The Rio Grande Valley). Hispanics living in these areas were Mexican citizens before the acquisition. The United States even went into agreements with Mexico to have Mexicans work in the United States. Mexicans were treated with cruelty, while working the agricultural fields for years. The United States made several agreements with Mexico to have the Mexicans come to work in the US while American soldiers were fighting in the world wars. The labor shortage that the United States went through was reason enough to have Mexicans migrate to the United States as laborers. The United States found there was a need to have Mexicans come fill in for the labor shortage but they were no longer needed during the depression of the US. Not only were Hispanics send back to Mexico, but Mexican-Ame ricans were sent back as well because they were no longer needed. My culture has suffered from prejudice and several other discriminations such as the dual labor market, redlining, affirmative action and reverse discrimination. Mexicans suffered from the dual labor market even though employment was offered to Mexicans during the shortage of labor that the United States was going through, no safety was provided to the workers. No insurance was available for the laborers either. The United States was prejudice towards Mexicans because as soon as there was no need for their labor services they were sent back to their country. Everyone who was brought to the United States to work including the Mexican-Americans, who were citizens of the United States, was sent back to Mexico. Why were the first colonists not sent back too? Mexicans used to live in what is now the Southwest before it became part of the United States. Not only was my culture robbed from their rightful land but no benefits were given to them while assisting the United States with their shortage. Have you ever heard the phrase, â€Å"Everything is bigger in Texas.†? Texas is the largest state in the United States. The majority of residents in Texas are Mexicans. Mexican Americans are not the minority in the state anymore and discrimination occurs in several hidden ways. We have come a long way and diversity is practiced throughout the work place. It will continue as long as society continues to compare ethnic groups. Yes we are all different, and we should be proud of who we are, but are we all not human? Redlining used to happen and is still happening. â€Å"Mexicans will not be able to purchase their own homes much less be the owner of a new vehicle.† This type of comments is patterns of discrimination that Mexican-Americans have faced at one time or another. I, myself, have encountered this type of discrimination several times before. Rather it is at school or at work. I drive up in a new vehicle and I have heard people make comments about how it cannot be mine! The affirmative action took place when the minority groups were given the opportunity to get jobs (Schaefer, 2006). Although in Texas and in some other states Mexican Americans are not the minority, the ethnic group overall is still a minority; therefore the group has faced and endured the affirmative action. Presently there is still some social inequality and reverse discrimination is something that I have faced. Some places exist where they will not hire someone if they do not know how to speak Spanish even though English is the main language at the work place. They can easily get away with it because they report that the language is needed to conduct the business and this is accepted by the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. With this in mind there will always be hidden ways discrimination will present itself. The world seems to have improved throughout the years but there will always be a certain someone who did not learn from the mistakes. Mexican-Americans are not the only minority in this country and all other minorities have faced some sort of discrimination as well. This has always been a touchy subject, why can’t people get along with each other? I think it’s about time we all tried! The world would be a better place if we learn to accept each other’s differences and learn to appreciate each other, and understand that we are all equal. ? References: Schaefer, Richard. (2006). Racial and Ethnic Groups. [Axia College Custom Edition e-text]. , : Prentice-Hall. Retrieved August 29, 2008, from Axia College, ETH 125 Cultural Diversity Web site. Stanford, E. (2006). Interracial America. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center Detroit: Greenhaven Press. Retrieved February 15, 2008 from Gale. Apollo Library. http://find.galegroup.com/ips/start.do?prodId=IPS www.ask.com. (2008). Hispanics in America. Retrieved August 29, 2008, from www.ask.com Google. (2008). Hispanics in America. Retrieved August 29, 2008, from www.google.com Research Papers on Mexico and America; Ethnic Groups and DiscriminationThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NicePersonal Experience with Teen Pregnancy19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XTwilight of the UAWPETSTEL analysis of IndiaMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into Asia

8 Steps to More Concise Writing

8 Steps to More Concise Writing 8 Steps to More Concise Writing 8 Steps to More Concise Writing By Mark Nichol You know you must streamline your writing, but the devil’s in the details. Here are some specifics about what to look for: 1. Remove Redundancy Avoid double-teaming terms like â€Å"a period of one week,† â€Å"end result,† â€Å"free gift,† and â€Å"personal opinion.† Watch for phrases that echo the quality in question: â€Å"oval in shape,† â€Å"larger in size,† â€Å"shorter in duration,† and the like. Omit redundant words that are already implied as part of an abbreviated term, such as machine in â€Å"ATM machine.† 2. Reduce Phrases to Words Replace a descriptive phrase following a noun with a one-word adjective that precedes the noun: â€Å"People who experienced at traveling know better than to label their luggage,† for example, can be revised to â€Å"Experienced travelers know better than to label their luggage. A modifying phrase, similarly, can be reduced to a simple adverb: â€Å"Sympathizing with her concerns, he nodded in response to her complaint,† for instance, is more concisely expressed as â€Å"He nodded sympathetically in response to her complaint.† Delete extraneous phrases such as â€Å"which is† and â€Å"who were,† as shown here: â€Å"We drove down Lombard Street, which is considered the crookedest street in the world† is easily simplified to â€Å"We drove down Lombard Street, considered the crookedest street in the world.† 3. Omit Gratuitous Intensifiers and Qualifiers Use adverbs that intensify or qualify in moderation: â€Å"They had an extremely unpleasant experience† isn’t accurate unless a subsequent explanation justifies the intensifier extremely, and â€Å"I was somewhat taken aback† isn’t necessarily an improvement on â€Å"I was taken aback.† 4. Expunge Expletives â€Å"There are† or â€Å"there is† is a weak way to start a sentence. â€Å"There is a telling passage toward the end of the story† lacks the focus of (and the more vivid verb in) the sentence â€Å"A telling passage occurs near the end of the essay.† 5. Negate Nominalizations â€Å"The report gave an analysis of the accident† uses a phrase where a single word suffices. (This is known as a nominalization, or smothering a verb.) When you see a â€Å"(verb) a/an (noun)† construction, convert the noun into a verb and replace the phrase with it. In this case, â€Å"The report analyzed the accident† is the more concise result. As with deletion of expletives, a stronger verb is an additional benefit. 6. Delete Superfluous Phrases â€Å"At the present time,† â€Å"for all intents and purposes,† and â€Å"in the event that† are just a few of many meaningless phrases that clutter sentences. Trim them to tighten your writing. 7. Avoid Cliches Likewise, â€Å"face the music,† â€Å"litmus test,† â€Å"tried and true† and other timeworn phrases add nothing to your writing but words; they’re useful only for padding a word count, but instructors and editors (and readers) will notice. 8. Eschew Euphemisms Generally, words that disguise concepts degrade language, which is all about expressing, not repressing, meaning. For example, â€Å"collateral damage,† in reference to warfare (and, by extension, to all interpersonal relationships), invites derision. However, use of some euphemisms, such as those for human disabilities, is a well-meaning effort to preserve the dignity of the disabled, though some people argue that such cosmetic wording actually harms people by diminishing the seriousness of their condition, or that it is for the benefit not of the disabled but of people who would rather not be reminded of the disabled. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Business Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:85 Synonyms for â€Å"Help†Latin Words and Expressions: All You Need to KnowSit vs. Set

Diplomacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Diplomacy - Essay Example Britain, Austria, Hungary, Russia, France, Prussia and the Ottoman Empire were the major players in the Vienna congress whereas U.S, France, Germany, and Britain were the major countries involved in Versailles peace process. Vienna congress was successful in restoring the balance of power in Europe whereas the Versailles treaty failed to achieve that. Both the treaties were aimed at rebuilding of the Europe after a frightening war. One of the major differences between Vienna congress and the Versailles peace process was that Vienna congress was successful in arriving a compromise formula acceptable to both the parties whereas Versailles peace process failed to achieve such a consensus. Germans left with no other option and they succumbed to the pressure exerted by the opposite party. On the other hand, France got a better deal through the Vienna congress and managed to escape with less punishment. The negotiators of Vienna Congress did everything to regain the peace in Europe without sacrificing much of the interests of the France whereas the negotiators of Versailles peace process have done everything to humiliate the Germans. The Versailles peace process was completely a one sided affair. Germans forced to accept the conditions set by the negotiators because of the lack of other options available for them at that time. This treaty was successful in destroying German economy (This treaty has taken away Germanys foreign possessions, along with any private or government property in them), which finally led to the Second World War. Moreover, Germans forced to liquidate much capital immediately in order to pay the war reparations of 33 billion gold marks, an amount which the Allies could increase whenever they saw fit (Valarauko) Vienna treaty has achieved its objectives. It helped Europe from further conflicts. On the other hand, Versailles peace process failed to achieve its objectives. In

Strategic Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Strategic Planning - Essay Example Strategic planning may be one individual’s job, but it gets very risky when it is so. To make strategic planning practicable, it is imperative that teamwork is involved in this process. Strategic planning is based on cooperation among the team members that make it. Different people have specific skills and expertise in different fields. Strategic planning, particularly in the contemporary age, is based on the cooperation of experts having specific skills in distinct fields including technology, planning, and management. Coordination is fundamental to the success of strategic planning. Planning is made strategic when a team of experts from different origins and backgrounds and having association with different organizations, cultures, or subcultures are united at one platform and are told the objective that needs to be achieved. â€Å"†¦engaged leadership in the whole process of strategic planning including the implementation, particularly with regard to the three Cs is t he key to success† (Zomorrodian, 2011, p. 1130). Hence, the role and importance of the three C’s in the process of strategic planning cannot be overemphasized. Strategic planning can be understood as assessment of an organization’s needs for the advancement of its goals and missions in a particular time period. When collaboration is integrated into this process, it provides the organization with a way to exchange knowledge, skills, and competencies with different people participating in the process so that the goals can be modified and development can be ensued. This imparts the need to have enough resources as well as a culture that appreciates and encourages cooperation and teamwork. Cooperation plays the role of a catalyst when integrated in the process of strategic planning as it counteracts competition among the team members. Cooperation means development of

Reward management and performance related pay Essay

Reward management and performance related pay - Essay Example In today's fast-paced modern world, the job market seems to be getting more and more diverse, wide and inclusive of a great number of potential factors, that could affect the way one sees his job. Human Resources Management is one such area that is gaining importance by the day. Human Resources Managers work towards the fundamental problem of creating a balance between the expectations of both, employers and employees.The job market is getting highly competitive and retaining good talent is becoming an arduous task, owing to the better attractive offers being offered to talented workforces. As they say, grass on the other side of the fence is greener and therefore, employees find themselves being pulled across by alluring competitors. Under such circumstances, the compensation or pay packet goes a long way in determining the loyalties of employees. For instance, if the talented employee in question is unsatisfied with the compensation he receives from his current job, he would obviou sly consider the competitor's job that offers him greater potential and pay.Most employees prefer jobs that offer challenges and on successful dealing and completion of these challenges, would prefer better pay packets. At the end of the day, pay is a huge motivator or factor in diminishing quality of output. Therefore, jobs that offer growth potential, in terms of the hierarchical setup and the pay raise, experience great amount of success in maintaining stability in terms of employee retention and in cementing employer-employee relationships. "..the pay package is one of the most obvious & visible exchanges of the employment relationship; it is the main issue in the exchange between employer & employee, expressing the connection between the labour market, the individual's work & the performance of the employing organisation itself" (Hegewisch, 1991: 28). Therefore, the solution to this problem faced by employers in the process of reducing employee attrition rates and retaining talent, is performance-related payments and issuing rewards for quality output of work! Objectives of Employer and Employee In an organisation, both the employers, as well as, the employees possess varied objectives and expectations from each other, the job and the outcome. The objectives of the employer varies significantly from that of the employee, in formulating and pursuing the mutual contract. Here are the objectives of the employer, when he formulates and enters into a payment contract with his employee: Detainment: Employers look towards retaining the talent they spot in employees, without allowing competitors to take over the same. Therefore, they endeavour to satisfy their talented employees by formulating and putting forth a good payment contract. No one would want to lose a good employee due to under-payment levels. Thus, one of their many objectives is to retain talent and reducing the attrition rates. Steer clear: Employers attempt to steer clear of competitors and emerge victorious in alluring and maintaining some of the most skilful talent, which directly affects the positive quality of work output. Thus, they look to maintain an upper hand amongst competitors, by entering into a decent payment contract with their employees. Intelligent dealings: Employers try to attract the best possible talent within their limitations in providing payment. When they enter into the payment contract, they attempt to make the most in terms of attracting the best

Labor Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Labor Economics - Essay Example While I hope to make a career of this work, I realize that most professional employees change jobs several times during their careers, so that it might be unrealistic to plan on remaining with my first employer for my entire career. However, the important thing is to be loyal to my employer for as long as I am there, Because that is what is expected of an employee and is what the employer deserves. If I am happy in my job and am treated well, I would like to remain at the company for most or all of my career. Some indicators of being treated well would be regular pay and benefit increases, increased job responsibilities, and full and fair consideration for promotions. After several years with that employer, I should be able to judge if this is the firm with which I would want to remain, or if I should begin searching for a new employer. Should I decide to leave this first company, it would be important to give adequate notice and fulfill all responsibilities including those of a depa rting employee. In order to prepare myself for a long-term career over the next thirty to forty years, I plan on keeping up with developments in my field through several forms of further education. Changes in information technology and in the field of security have become faster and faster, so that I would have to keep up in order to avoid my skills becoming obsolete. Further college education would be available both in person and on line, and there are continuous training seminars and similar opportunities which I would pursue. 2 Retirement will depend on my earnings during my working career, the retirementbenefits available through my employment, and my ability and willingness to save andinvest for that retirement. There is always a trade-off between present enjoyment ofone's income and saving for the future. I would hope to be able to make the maximumcontributions from my income to a sound private retirement plan, but it will also beimportant for me to choose an employer offering a good retirement program. Someemployers have been cutting back on their own retirement contributions, so I wouldlook at the history of any employer whom I am considering to see if such cutbacks haveoccurred or are likely now. I would like to retire around the age of sixty if possible, tohave some years to enjoy the benefits of my advance planning and the savings andinvestments I have accumulated. 2. According to Economics by McConnell and Brue, 16th Edition, McGraw Hill Irwin,Chapter 8, the major types of unemployment are frictional, seasonal, cyclical, andstructural. Frictional unemployment is normal in any free society, as it comes from people exercising their right to change jobs so as to better themselves. Frictional unemployment also covers people who are temporarily out of work due to moving to a new location, experiencing some kind of personal or family problem, and so on. Seasonal unemployment occurs in jobs such as construction which cannot be done during the entire year. Often, the wages paid in such jobs are above the usual level in order to compensate for the period of unemployment. Other seasonal types of jobs might be lifeguard at a beach or instructor at a ski resort, and similar situations.

Asbestos hazards Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Asbestos hazards - Essay Example The case of James Hardie Industries in Australia is a learning experience on how failure of the businesses to induce a mechanism of occupational health issues can remain critical to its operations. Occupational health hazards do exist in daily operations in most businesses. However, it remains the role of the managers and the health department to ensure that the staff and the target consumers are safe, during the process of conducting the sales as well as production. That is the reason the national department on safety does recommend that every business should have a safety program for its workers prior to kicking off its operations. Some of the business products are at the verge of posing long-term effects to the victims of the same. It, therefore, remains expensive to compensate the victims as long-term damage has already occurred in their system. Prevention is always better than cure. It is advantageous for a firm to come up with outlines of hazards prevention rather than coming u p with them when damage has already happened. Utilization of protective devices is also important especially in areas where various lethal gases or solids are at risk of coming into contact with the bodies of the victims.Deaths related to asbestos toxicity were on the increase. Everybody was aware that the firm was responsible for the effects. Mesothelioma was the main condition that the majority of people suffered from. More than 10000 deaths did occur in Australia due to the toxicity emanating from asbestos.

Labor Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Labor Economics - Essay Example While I hope to make a career of this work, I realize that most professional employees change jobs several times during their careers, so that it might be unrealistic to plan on remaining with my first employer for my entire career. However, the important thing is to be loyal to my employer for as long as I am there, Because that is what is expected of an employee and is what the employer deserves. If I am happy in my job and am treated well, I would like to remain at the company for most or all of my career. Some indicators of being treated well would be regular pay and benefit increases, increased job responsibilities, and full and fair consideration for promotions. After several years with that employer, I should be able to judge if this is the firm with which I would want to remain, or if I should begin searching for a new employer. Should I decide to leave this first company, it would be important to give adequate notice and fulfill all responsibilities including those of a depa rting employee. In order to prepare myself for a long-term career over the next thirty to forty years, I plan on keeping up with developments in my field through several forms of further education. Changes in information technology and in the field of security have become faster and faster, so that I would have to keep up in order to avoid my skills becoming obsolete. Further college education would be available both in person and on line, and there are continuous training seminars and similar opportunities which I would pursue. 2 Retirement will depend on my earnings during my working career, the retirementbenefits available through my employment, and my ability and willingness to save andinvest for that retirement. There is always a trade-off between present enjoyment ofone's income and saving for the future. I would hope to be able to make the maximumcontributions from my income to a sound private retirement plan, but it will also beimportant for me to choose an employer offering a good retirement program. Someemployers have been cutting back on their own retirement contributions, so I wouldlook at the history of any employer whom I am considering to see if such cutbacks haveoccurred or are likely now. I would like to retire around the age of sixty if possible, tohave some years to enjoy the benefits of my advance planning and the savings andinvestments I have accumulated. 2. According to Economics by McConnell and Brue, 16th Edition, McGraw Hill Irwin,Chapter 8, the major types of unemployment are frictional, seasonal, cyclical, andstructural. Frictional unemployment is normal in any free society, as it comes from people exercising their right to change jobs so as to better themselves. Frictional unemployment also covers people who are temporarily out of work due to moving to a new location, experiencing some kind of personal or family problem, and so on. Seasonal unemployment occurs in jobs such as construction which cannot be done during the entire year. Often, the wages paid in such jobs are above the usual level in order to compensate for the period of unemployment. Other seasonal types of jobs might be lifeguard at a beach or instructor at a ski resort, and similar situations.

How Does Paid Employment Affect Person's Identity Essay

How Does Paid Employment Affect Person's Identity - Essay Example The personal identity that a person creates about himself affects many aspects of his life. For instance, the way a person perceives himself affects the kind of goals that they set for themselves in life, the manner of achieving them and their view on what goals and visions are feasible (Newman 2011, 60). The way a person constructs their ‘self’ has direct implications on their motivation, self esteem, emotions and their interactions with other people of the society. This then implies that the way a person views himself affects their job performance in the work place. In order to achieve a company’s objectives, the manager should work through his employees. One way of doing this is by promoting their identity through use of motivational factors. This paper focuses on how paid employment affects a person’s identity (Elliot & Dweck 2004, 46). Identity Construction at the Work Place A study has shown that the extent of commitment that employers show to their e mployees is reflected in the employees’ commitment to the job. If the employees are satisfied with the kind of payment they receive from the company, they have no thought of seeking employment elsewhere. As such they are able to identify themselves with the company objectives and goals and easily assimilate the corporate values. Satisfaction of the employee results in job empowerment which affects their commitment to the organization. With the contemporary globalization in business management, the organization is using job redesigning and downsizing. Developments of the identity can be applied where employees who show intent desire to remain in the company and are committed to attainment of its goals are selected. Managers should therefore carry out adequate research on personal and societal identities as they influence the kind motivation that would work on the workers (Knights & Willmott 2007, 99). Paid employment instills continuance commitment in the worker. This is becau se the workers view leaving the company as an expensive move as they would lose the kind of retirement benefits that they have invested in that company. Persons work in an organization in order to satisfy their own personal needs. These needs arise from their own individual goals and also from the requirements of the societies surrounding them as it shapes their identity. Work is a part of a person‘s life which takes a major portion of his lifetime therefore its effect on identity development cannot be ignore. They spend most of their adult life in the work place. The interactions and the relationships therefore formed in the work place make up a lot of what a person becomes. It is used as a standard for self definition and meaning of life. People describe themselves and the others based on job context. The career that a person engages in is a portrayal of their own personality. People in different fields describe their work using adjectives that show the worth that they attac h to such jobs. You will find an engineer describing his work in a manner that show that they deal with interesting and adventurous activities. Doctors use words that portray the importance of their work in saving lives. All this shows that individuals get into a career with the motive of forming positive identities (Newman 2011, 35). Pathways through Which a Person Creates Positive Identity in the Work Place Research has shown that a person develops positive identity in the work place through four different pathways. The development of these pathways is influenced by a

Bruises on Lillian-Jean Essay Example for Free

Bruises on Lillian-Jean Essay Hans it like a strategic carefully manoeuvred battle, getting advice from her father. She also gets Big Ma, her grandmother to braid her hair so Lillian-Jean could not pull it in the fight. For a 9 year old she is very bright and discerning, as she leaves no marks or bruises on Lillian-Jean, so there is no evidence for anyone to accuse her of the beating. Cassie gets full satisfaction as she gets Lillian-Jean to give her a full apology; excusing her and her family for all the ill treatment they had given her family. I also feel that Cassie learns to be prudent in order to protect her family and her community. Harsh experience such as the incidents in Strawberry, have taught her to defend herself with intelligence and skill. A whole train of events led up to the exciting climax: the family were having financial difficulties because of Mr Logans injury, so they are entirely dependent on their crop. However, in order to deflect attention from TJ, Mr Logan sets fire to the crops. Soon after the fire, Cassie realised that Papa had set fire to the crops, sacrificing a quarter of the Logan cotton crop to save TJ. At this point, Cassie gains awareness of how vital it is that she keeps such information to herself. Had she been her former, outspoken self, her whole family would have suffered greatly as a result. Despite Cassies more obvious traits of thoughtlessness and outspokenness, she can also be extremely sympathetic and understanding. This is evident in her relationship with TJ whom she really does not like. Cassie dislikes his attitude of believing he is superior to his fellow citizens. Like Cassie, he fails to comprehend at that point in life where his status lies. Over time, TJ constantly betrays the Logan family. He is deceitful and he causes Stacey to fail his class test. Also, he instigates the loss of Mrs Logans teaching job and finally requires the familys help in the end, in his time of need. Although Cassie imagines all of the bad things that she would like to happen to him because of the hurt he had caused her family, she sympathises with the agony that he and his family were to encounter after his stupidity. As well as being outspoken, Cassie is a sensitive character who shows great consideration for others. This is evident in her relationship with Jeremy. Jeremy is a local white boy who wants to befriend the Logan children. However, relationships between Black and White children are strongly frowned upon, and so great awkwardness surrounds this situation. At one pint in the novel, Jeremy delivers some Christmas gifts, but is quickly dismissed by Mr Logan. As he dejectedly slides out of the door Cassie shouts, Merry Christmas, which makes Jeremy smile. Instinctively she knew how to make him feel better. As we progress through the novel Cassie begins to grow up, becoming wiser and realising that she has to take risks in order to defend things that are important to her. However, she is most careful in her risk taking and tries to reduce the danger to herself. Cassie learns the value of not telling everybody, everything she knows. Her mature attitude comes across effectively in the TJ incident. Once, Cassie would have wanted to know the whole story about TJ Averys run in with the law. At that point she knows that it was something her brothers did not need to know, as it would only frighten them. Cassie realises that if the boys need to know, her Mother and Father would inform them of the details, as it is not her place to frighten them. Cassie demonstrates that, despite her earlier outspokenness, she has learned to accept her status in society. Throughout the novel, Cassie goes through the same experiences as many adolescents, such as parental conflict and the desire for independence. However, as a young Black girl growing up in the prejudiced Deep South of America during the 1930s, she also experiences unwarranted hardships due to her colour. During the course of this novel, Cassie learns to deal with these hardships, and as a result she matures very quickly. This maturity comes at a price, for Cassie she learned that she must sacrifice honesty and dignity in order for her and her family to survive. Gemma-Louise Nicol 5R1 Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mildred Taylor section.

Importance Of Audit Evidence Accounting Essay

Importance Of Audit Evidence Accounting Essay According to Companies Act 1965 Section 174, auditor should perform the following duties, Statutory Duties. Auditor should examine and form an opinion whether the financial statements compliance the financial reporting standards of Malaysia and the Companies Act 1965. Duty to carry out audit. Auditor should examine and form an opinion whether the financial statements give a true and fair view of the financial position of the Company as of the financial year end and of its financial performance and cash flows of the year end. Duty to report to appropriate management. Auditor should report the accounting and other records and the registers required by the Companies Act to be kept by the company have been properly kept in accordance with the provisions of the Act. Duty to be independent. Auditor is under a duty to exercise the appropriate standard of care to shareholders and outsiders. Duty to use reasonable care and skill. Auditor should obtain reasonable assurance that the financial statements are free from material misstatements. (2) The auditor must plan the audit so as to enable him/her to detect all misstatements. Discuss. The purpose of planning stage is plan the audit so that it will be performed in an effective manner. During the planning stage, auditor should design and perform the audit planning to detect the potential threat that may be occurred and also limited the audit risk to a lower level. Auditor will get the knowledge of the clients business, auditor able to identify the potential threat that may be occurred. The planning stage will be emphasis on the material misstatement based on the professional judgement but not absolute detect all the misstatement such as immaterial misstatement will not be concern. (3) Explain the steps to be taken by the auditor if there are reasons to believe that there are (i) errors and (ii) frauds. According to SAS 110, the auditors shall indicates that fraud or error that exist by obtaining an understanding of the nature of the event and the circumstances, and sufficient other information to evaluate the possible effect on the financial statements. If the auditors believe that the indicated fraud or error could have a material effect on the financial statements, they should perform appropriate modified or additional procedures. Where there is a significant error or fraud, the auditor should consider the necessity for a disclosure of the error or fraud in financial statements, and report to the relevance third party (management level). If adequate disclosure is not made, the necessity for a suitable disclosure in his report so called qualified audit report. (4) What is an audit engagement letter? What steps should be taken by the auditor after receiving the audit engagement letter? According to standard, audit engagement letter refers to a written contract between accounting firm and the client. Its purpose is to confirm the relationship between the client engaging the auditor and the accounting firm accepting the audit engagement and to define matters such as the objectives of the engagement, the scope of the audit, the responsibilities and duties of each party etc. The audit engagement letter has statutory binding force. After receiving audit engagement letter, there will be an interview or opening conference between engagement parties and audit firm. During the meeting, auditee is asked about the system to be reviewed available resources and other relevance resource. The auditor may be required to meet the person in charge those relevance resources. After getting the required information, auditor will perform a general overview on it and review the internal control of the auditee in order to determine the audit risk that may be occurred. (5) What are the purposes of the audit working papers? 1. To provide a basis for planning the audit. The auditor may use reference information from the previous year in order to plan this years audit, such as the evaluation of internal control, the time budget, etc. 2. To provide a record of the evidence accumulated and the results of the tests. This is the primary means of documenting that an adequate audit was performed. 3. To provide data for deciding the proper type of audit report. Data are used in determining the scope of the audit and the fairness with which the financial statements are stated. 4. To provide a basis for review by supervisors and partners. These individuals use the audit documentation to evaluate whether sufficient appropriate evidence was accumulated to justify the audit report. Audit documentation is used for several purposes, both during the audit and after the audit is completed. One of the uses is the review by more experienced personnel. A second is for planning the subsequent year audit. A third is to demonstrate that the auditor has accumulated sufficient appropriate evidence if there is a need to defend the audit at a later date. For these uses, it is important that the audit documentation provide sufficient information so that the person reviewing an audit schedule knows the name of the client, contents of the audit schedule, period covered, who prepared the audit schedule, when it was prepared, and how it ties into the rest of the audit files with an index code. (6) Describe the different types of information that are kept in the current file. Current audit file include following resources: Audit plan, report and audit programmes copies Clearance the problems and confusion during the time of audit work such as journal entries and minutes of meetings. Copies of annual records such as trade account, trial balance and profit and loss account and balance sheet Bank reconciliation statement Minutes of meetings Current financial statements Working papers supporting account Paper of calculation of tax bonus. List of lost proofs Paper regarding stock evaluation (7) State the nature and the importance of audit evidence. According to ISA, there is nine type of audit evidence which include physical examination, confirmation, documentation, analytical procedures, inquiries, scanning, recalculation, reperformance and observation. The nature of audit evidences includes invoices, contracts, and worksheets, general and subsidiary ledger and so on. Audit evidence is important as it provides the auditor with the information regarding the potential threat or weakness that may be occurred in the clients financial statements. Audit evidence is useful as it provides the auditor with some degree of competent evidential support for the expression of an audit opinion. It facilitates the completion of audit programme scheduled and undertaken. (8) According to ISA 500, what type of evidence is the auditor required to collect? According to ISA 500, auditor required to collect sufficient and appropriate audit evidence in order to draw reasonable conclusions on which to base the audit opinion. Sufficiency and appropriateness are interrelated and apply to audit evidence obtained from both tests of controls and substantive tests. Sufficiency is a measure of the quantity of evidence and it refers to sample size and items to select. Higher quality evidence results in a lower quantity of audit evidence. Appropriateness is a measure of the relevance and reliability of evidence, or the degree to which evidence can be considered believable or worthy of trust. Appropriateness relates to the audit procedures selected, including the timing of when those procedures are performed.

Meaning of the River in Siddhartha Essay -- Hesse Siddhartha Essays

Meaning of the River in Siddhartha Siddhartha, in Herman Hesse's novel, Siddhartha, is a young, beautiful, and intelligent Brahmin, a member of the highest and most spiritual castes of the Hindu religion, and has studied the teachings and rituals of his religion with an insatiable thirst for knowledge. Inevitably, with his tremendous yearning for the truth and desire to discover the Atman within himself he leaves his birthplace to join the Samanas. With the Samanas he seeks to release himself from the cycle of life by extreme self-denial but leaves the Samanas after three years to go to Gotama Buddha. Siddhartha is impressed by the blissful man but decides to lead his own path. He sleeps in the ferryman's hut and crosses the river where he encounters Kamala, a beautiful courtesan, who teaches him how to love. He is disgusted with himself and leaves the materialistic life and he comes to the river again. He goes to Vasudeva, the ferryman he met the first time crossing the river. They become great friends an d both listen and learn from the river. He sees Kamala again but unfortunately, she dies and leaves little Siddhartha with the ferrymen. He now experience for the first time in his life true love. His son runs away and Siddhartha follows him but he realizes he cannot bring him back. He learns from the river that time does not exist, everything is united, and the way to peace is through love. Siddhartha undergoes an archetypal quest to achieve spiritual transcendence. During his journey, he both embraces and rejects asceticism and materialism only to ultimately achieve philosophical wisdom "by the river". When Siddhartha is ... ...n, and all of the enjoyments and lavishes. He becomes entrapped in Samsara, the physical world, characterized by repeated cycles of birth, but finally breaks out of it after twenty years and returns to the river. At the river he joins the simple life of Vasudeva, according to Carl Yung would be considered the wise old man archetype, and for the next twenty years he listens and learns from the river. The river is no longer the divider between the material and spiritual worlds but now it symbolizes a unity in which past, present, and future, all people and their experiences, all features of life flow together. Siddhartha comes to realize that there is no conflict between the spiritual and the material, that all human occurrences are to be accepted, and that the only difference between the ordinary people and the sages is that the sages understand this unity.

Food, Values and Identity in the Middle Ages Essay

Food is one of the basic essentials for humans to live. The food we eat gives us the sustenance for our daily duties. Even during the ancient times, humans had a wide variety of foodstuffs to choose from with meat and plant food as the two general categories (Adamson, 2004). However, even if there are same food resources all around the world, what people eat vary from one culture to another, thus there were variations on how they cook different foods and how they eat. As time progressed, simple meals became elaborate with the continuous addition of different ingredients to make it more palatable to the taste of many. Diets of people evolve, depending on their needs, status, time periods and of course, the availability of the food itself. Through food, some people are able to show their values or principles that they believe in. For example, Muslims do not eat pork because the pig is considered as a dirty animal in their religion. The food people consume is sometimes used to characterize them (Scholliers, 2001), not only as individuals but as part of a group. All over the world, food portrayed a great role in shaping humans, their values, identity and the society and period they live in. One notable period in history is the Middle Ages. It was the time when there were many political, social, economic and social changes and the period which also led to the transformation of many European states (MSN Encarta, 1993-2008). What role did food play in the medieval ages? What was its relationship between values and identity in the period of the Middle Ages? It is interesting to note how food contributed to the culture of the people during these times of immense changes in the society and way of living of people. Eating in the Middle Ages was distinguished for the different social classes of people that lived during that time. For peasants and those who lived in poverty, their diet consisted mainly of vegetables and cereals. It was said by Mennell (1985) that descriptions of how the poor ate can be seen from the some of Chaucer’s and Langland’s writing. Serfs were provided by their lords’ limited variety and amount of foodstuffs, mainly consisting of bread, a morsel of cheese, ale or cider and dish of either fish or meat. This fish and meat were usually eaten during special occasions but it was still a known fact that meat was a luxury to the poor (Ferreires, 2006). It was also said that the poor was also associated to eating dairy products (Mennell, 1985) while the rich people had a disregard for them. Meat was always associated with the rich and it was them who always had a plentiful supply. Selling of meat was complicated during the time of the Middle Ages. There were many rules regarding butchering and the sale of meat in Europe (Ferreires, 2006). These rules were created for health reasons and so as to create a good quality of products for the buyers. These rules were also specific; one of them is that any flesh or meat dying of other means aside from butchering must be burned. Slaughtering of an animal also had strict standards and the market was strictly supervised as well by the lords of the city. In this aspect, meat was not only used as part of a recipe or dish but also for political purposes because charters created for the sale of meat were watched over closely by the lords of the city (Ferreires, 2006). There were different kinds of butcher shops found around the city, the town butcher shop and the common butcher shop. These two kinds of shops were different because they sell different qualities of meats (Ferreires, 2006). These meats were mostly for the consumption of the rich because the town butcher shops sold high quality meats while the common butcher shop sold, though not low quality, meat sold there was considered as second rate Ferreires, 2006). Poor people had another option where they can buy meat and this was a free market where decaying meat could be bought. Although there were strict rules for selling of meat, selling rotting meat was not prohibited as long as they sell it outside the town so people can make a distinction on where they can buy fresh meat and where to but the decaying ones. Ferreires (2006, p. 48) noted that for those who live in the country though, it was not a problem for them to find food since they also produce their own and sometimes tended animals. On the other hand, those who lived in the city, though could also produce their own food, remained as consumers since most of the markets could be found in the city. Even if there was a social distribution of food among the people during the Middle Ages, how food was cooked was very simple for both rich and the poor. Slow boiling (Mennell, 1985) was the major method in which food was cooked during the Middle Ages primarily because the meals prepared during this time were dominated by soup. In most cases, the soup prepared for the meal contained meat, together with onions, cabbages and beans. For the poor, sometimes food was simply cooked in boiling water or milk. Little is known about the recipes that people cooked during the Middle Ages. However, cooking manuscripts were also created during these times (Mennell, 1985). Much of these manuscripts are similar to what we would call as recipe books or cookbooks. But these cooking manuscripts were generally created for the upper class because you will find recipes in these manuscripts as the ones prepared by cooks at the dinner tables of the rich and nobility. Most of the recipes in medieval cuisine particularly focused on the ingredients and the combination of flavors that is put into a dish. Unfortunately, the first recorded recipes were vague, written with lack of precision on how it was cooked, how much of an ingredient was needed and what utensils were used. Earliest recipes in the Middle Ages were seen simply as a list of ingredients. Most writers of the culinary manuscripts were anonymous and it was difficult to trace more information about the recipes. But with the emergence of the master-chefs, cooks who wrote recipes from personal experience, specifying details of the dish to be cooked, written recipes evolved. This evolution of recipes may have also been attributed to the evolving culinary techniques, practices and strategies of the cooks that time. Other factors, such as introduction of a new ingredient, new found use of a utensil contributed to the evolution or improvement of medieval recipes (Adamson, 1995). Food preparation became more elaborate. Together with the evolution of the recipes, more and more cooks and chefs came out from their anonymity and were recognized. They were then appropriately recognized for their collection of recipes. We can say that food was able to give identity to the chefs such as those who provided the people with new recipes in medieval cooking manuscripts. According to Mennell (1985, p. 49), there were four best known cookery manuscripts from late medieval Northern Italy which had many points in common with each other and probably has one source. Food would then be used to signify wealth and rank in the medieval cuisine. Food prepared for the rich may not necessarily taste delectable but they should certainly look appetizing. There were also certain foodstuffs that gave the rich their identity to the rich because they are the only ones who can easily access it, such as meat which was mentioned earlier. The saying â€Å"You are what you eat,† can be taken literally because whatever food that goes into our body contributes to how our bodies are made of. Whatever food an individual eats gives them the physical identity. Identity is the set of characteristics by which an individual possesses, as he or she is recognizable as a member of a certain group. All human beings have identities, so we will have something to identify with, to give us a sense of belongingness. Without people realizing it, the food we eat was a huge factor in determining our identity. For example, we usually identify countries with the foods that can commonly be found in them (not necessarily crops). We also sometimes identify certain groups of people to the food they eat. In the Middle Ages, we already mentioned that the evolution of the recipe writing was able to give identity to the chefs of that time. They became more respected because they did not just conform to old traditional recipes but they created their own styles in making dishes. The social classes during the Middle Ages were also given identities by the food they eat. The rich and nobility for example was usually identified with meat and many other variety of food that was accessible to them. While for the commoner, it was vegetables and dairy that was clearly identified with them (Mennell 1985). More food was of course accessible to the rich because they had more money to buy a wider variety of foodstuffs than the commoner. Their diet consisted mainly of fresh bread, cheese, meat and wine. Relationship between identity and food in the Middle Ages could also be seen in the prescribed diets of the time. Foods that were coarse, heavy and inexpensive were prescribed to eat by those workers who had heavy physical work. They were supposed to become more accustomed to these kinds of foods because these foods would be able to sustain the energy they consume up in their work. Other foods which may not be acceptable and considered unpleasant to eat such as nerves, tendons, and innards were included in the list of prescribed foods for the laborer. These laborers then would be given the identity that they have tough stomachs because of the many repulsive foods that they can eat (Ferreires, 2006). On the other hand, the rich or those with inactive lifestyles such as the scholar were prescribed to eat lighter foods such as white bread, white wine and the white meat of the chicken because this foods suits best the brain activity (Ferreires, 2006). They were advised as well to lessen their physical activity, anything that may become hindrance to their brain activity. In turn, they would be more identified with gentler stomachs, one that cannot or should not digest or intake foods eaten by the laborers because they do not consume too much energy as workers do. Although food has a great role in the identity formation during the Middle Ages, it should not be deduced that food is a major factor in identity formation because there are still many factors such as in social, economic and political aspects that should be considered when looking at people’s identities. Another role that food may have a relationship with is values in the Middle Ages. The relationship between food and values goes a long way back to ancient history. Values were held by individuals as something that they believe in firmly. The relationship between food and values in the Middle Ages may be closely linked to religion. Early accounts of prescribed diets can be found in the Bible. Animal flesh was primarily used as sacrificial offering to God Adam and Eve were not allowed to eat meat and according to Adamson (2004), it was only after Noah and those who followed after him were the ones allowed to eat meat. It was under Moses that the dietary rules were changed and there were certain animals that cannot be eaten because they were unclean and consuming blood was also prohibited. People followed these rules strictly as it is written in the Bible. The holy meal of the body and blood of Christ were represented by the wine and bread which people must take to receive the Holy Spirit. Since the holy meal was represented at the body and blood of Christ, according to the religious teachings of the Middle Ages, people were eating the God who suffered and died on the cross. Therefore the act of eating the holy meal was like an act of suffering with God as well (Adamson, 2004). Another value important to people in the Middle Ages was the voluntary act of withholding food or fasting. It was also an act of suffering, because you are denying a basic need of your body. By withholding food, you are somehow telling the gods that you are willing to do anything for them to grant whatever wishes or prayers you have. Taking part in communal fasting also gives the feeling of belongingness of a person. People were striving for purity during this time and fasting was one ay of cleansing the body. Connections were made between gluttony (eating too much) and lechery (excessive indulgence in sexual activities) so many people took part in fasting to purify themselves. However, fasting was not an act of eating nothing at all but eating simple foods such as bread, salt and water only. Fasting was primarily done not to starve people who take part in it but to control themselves in indulging in too much food, thus controlling the desires of their body and to prepare themselves for receiving the divine truth (Adamson, 2004). Fasting was not only taken seriously by holy people such as monks but a number of girls who loved in the Middle Ages which became the cause of their deaths. This was termed â€Å"holy anorexia† according to Adamson (2004, p. 195) because these girls starved themselves to death and sometimes imposed immense pain to their bodies. Most of these girls were not really poor but wanted to be in control of their lives, seeing to it that at that time, the only options for females were either to marry or enter the convent. By denying themselves food, they were somehow able to gain control of their lives and not simply being a slave to the tradition. Lastly, the link of food and values to religion are laws about clean and unclean foods and food preparation during religious rituals and festivals. According to Adamson (2004, p. 199) both Jews and Christians in medieval Europe observed the same Jewish festivals where food played an important role. There were certain foods that cannot be eaten during these festivals such as bitter and black foods. One of the rules Jews have is that animals should be slaughtered in such a way that all the blood must be drained out because it is prohibited for them to consume blood. Food in the Middle Ages was used to associate certain groups of people and individuals because the foods they ate were â€Å"identified† with them, such as the rich and meat and vegetables for the poor. These foods were the most accessible and available to them thus giving them the identity like, if you usually eat meat, you are considered as a rich person. However, it might be dangerous to conclude that food determines the identity of an individual or a group because there are still a lot of factors to be considered when determining one’s identity. The relationship between food and values is closely linked to religion because there were particular foods that were considered as â€Å"clean and unclean† by different religions. Values of the people are affected by the food they ate because they wanted to follow the set of laws in their religion. They show their beliefs through avoiding the foods considered unclean and eating only the clean. They also show these by following certain rules that some foods cannot be eaten on certain days. Lastly, food was also used as a powerful tool to show one’s value as some of the women in the Middle Ages were able to use food to gain control in their lives. Food truly portrayed a great role in the Middle Ages and how it came to shape the values and identity of how people lived during those times. Food was also able to contribute to the rich culture that medieval Europe had. Its contribution to identity and values in the Middle Ages can prove that eating is not simply a biological way of providing energy for individuals to keep up with daily life. References Adamson, M. W. (1995). Food in the Middle Ages: A Book of Essays. New York: Garland Publishing Adamson, M. W. (2004). Food in Medieval Times. Connecticut: Greenwood Press. Bynum, C. (1987). Holy Feast and Holy Famine. Berkley. Carlin M. and Rosenthal J. (Eds. ). (1998). Food and Eating in Medieval Europe. London. Ferreires, M. (2006). Sacred cow Mad Cow A History of food Fears. New York. Columbia University Press. Mennell, S. (1985). All Manners of Food: Eating and Taste in England and France from the Middle Ages to Present. Oxford. MSN Encarta. (1993-2008). The Middle Ages. Retrieved May 6, 2008 from http://encarta. msn. com/encyclopedia_761578474/Middle_Ages. html Scholliers, P. (2001). Food, Drink and Identity: Cooking, Eating and Drinking in Europe since the Middle Ages. Oxford: Berg Woolgar, C. et al. (2006). Food in Medieval England: diet and Nutrition. Oxford.

MHCC is just for Me Essay

When I graduated high school, I knew that if I wanted to get ahead in life I was going to have to get into college. Not knowing exactly what I wanted to be when I grew up, made me worry about spending money on a traditional four year university. I realized that there were several cheaper options for a higher education were around my area. Starting my education at a community college seemed like the right step for me once I understood that the credits would all transfer to a university that I could choose at a later date. This was my first sensible step towards furthering my education. The problem was trying to decide which college to go to. I had to choose from Portland community college (PCC), Clackamas (CCC) or Mount Hood (MHCC). After sorting through the pros and cons, some of which were proximity to home and work, class availability and, helpful resources, it became clear which college was right for me. MHCC was my choice because it convenient for me. When choosing which community college to attend, the first thought was the distance from both work and home. I knew that I needed a place that was close enough to where I work so that I could take as many classes as I needed and not have to worry that I am going to be late for work because of traffic or some other distraction. Another reason that I need a place that was close is to save gas, as I am currently paying my own tuition and saving money is essential for a financially deprived student. It turns out Mt. Hood is only five miles away from my house, and even more convenient was that it was right down the street from where I work. With MHCC being so close to my work and home and I am only late to class because of my oversleeping. I have also been able to fit in extra classes every semester because of the time I save to squeeze it in without having to ask for any additional time off from work. I am currently working part time job at Bi-Mart so flexibility with scheduling is necessity for my schooling. My current situation for school is that I get to decide which two days I am off, and with those two days I can create my school schedule. MHCC scheduling is so convenient because that the same class that I may need could be taught by several different instructors which all have different times and different days allowing me to shape a schedule that will fit. This has really allowed me to appreciate the classes that are held twice a week for that reason. My usually schedule for school can sometimes take me all day. It starts with a morning class around eight all the way through the day until an evening course till around eight. Without the classes held only two days a week I don’t know how long it would take for me to graduate. One of the resources that I keep constantly using at Mt. Hood is the Learning Center’s tutors up on the second floor of the main campus l ibrary. I know that I am not the only student in the class room, so when I cannot get a meeting with the teacher to go over class items that I do not understand clearly I go to the tutor center. When I am up there I can receive all the help that I need for any school work that I am behind in. I know this because I go to the math tutor all the time for help just to get help that I need. I also have gone to the writing tutor in the past to help with papers that I get stuck on. I know that I am not a very strong writer and not all the rules of grammar stick with me, so knowing that there is a person that can help me makes me a more confident student and it makes me feel like I can achieve more. The convenience of the tutoring center has allowed me to be a better student. To be honest without MHCC, I don’t know if I would have the drive to go to another school. When thinking about the future it makes me cringe sometimes. If anything I have learned from working at Bi-Mart, I know that working dead end jobs as a lifestyle is not going to be in my best interest if I want to achieve something in my life. For that I consider Mount Hood to be a great school to attend. I am glad that I could find a school that could fit into my life and my future goals. At MHCC I have learned so much, and have improved both my writing and math. I know that furthering myself with an education is only going to benefit me in the time ahead and with the education at Mt. Hood I know that when I am able to transfer to that four year university I know that I will have the tools to be able to succeed not only there but beyond the university as well.

A Dolls House

You have, perhaps, never heard a discussion or symposium on the subject, â€Å"Men-their role in the society. The discussion is always about women. Men have, perhaps, no role!Men can as well do, some of the jobs normally done by women. Even today, the best chefs are men! The never-ending talk to give equal rights to women has been going on since time immemorial. But all the Acts of Parliaments all over the world will not bring equality to the female gender.he change has to be achieved within-both men and women! How can equal rights to women be given? God has created her, given her the status of more-equal. Nobody can take that right away.It is the mother, who gives protection during the initial nine months to the divine creative force of the future-male or female! A female child is victimized at every step of life, from the moment of birth, and she sacrifices at every stage.   Women need to be the legal and spiritual equals of men!The three Act play by Henrik Ibsen is dominated by the main character Nora. The Doll’s House is symbolic—how Nora has been living within the specified rules applicable to housewife-submission, submission and more submission to the wishes of her husband! Before marriage, she submitted to her parents (mostly to the wishes of her father); now the place of submission is changed, but the procedure of male-dominance is the same-God bless her!With no scope to develop her own personality she is obliged to live under the ‘protective’ umbrella of her husband but not for long! Nora turns to be a dynamic rebel, gives up the structure that is considered sacred by the society and seeks the path of total transformation and rehabilitation of her own personality. What is marriage?Two distinct individuals, two separate personalities, born, bred and brought up in two different set of circumstance, try to come together from the day of marriage( if not courting earlier!) to find a common identity, a common goal and to be prec ise a common all! But soon the affected one finds out that idealism and the reality are poles apart!Why the scale of social justice tilts heavily against the womenfolk and their individual liberties are at a discount? Why one finds Nora in every family in one form or the other even during the 21st century? How long need the woman contain her suppressed emotions and move forward   to establish her own identity?It is the same old story through the Ages—it is between Him and Her! The family is run as per the dictates of Torvald, though his commands are honey-tongued. An attitude of ‘I know everything’ and ‘you know nothing’ is evident in his relationship with Nora.The sweet nothings he addresses to his wife like, â€Å"Is my little lark twittering there?†(Ibsen, 2007, p. 6) â€Å"Is it my little squirrel bustling about?†(p. 6) â€Å"Has my little spendthrift been wasting money again?†(p. 6) â€Å"You extravagant little personâ₠¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p.8) â€Å"Hasn’t Miss Sweet-Tooth been breaking rules in town today?†(p.10) are all indicators of his superiority complex. And Torvald very clearly issues his edict as for planning the family budget. He says, â€Å"That is like a woman! But seriously, Nora you know what I think about that. No debt, no borrowing.There can be no freedom or beauty about a home life that depends on borrowing and debt. We two have kept bravely on the straight road so far, and we will go on the same way for the short time longer that there need be any struggle.† (p.7) Ibsen has tackled several themes, mixed them very well, like a woman’s illusion in marriage, wealth, feminism, betrayal, etc.How A Doll’s House has been created within the house, how the woman functions inside the demarcated boundaries—such issues are dealt with intelligently. In the later part of the play Nora walks away from her family. Her undoing and the reason for falling from the à ¢â‚¬Ëœgrace’ of her husband is– she forged a bank note to save her husband’s life when no one else could. How she is compelled to tell a series of lies, and it looks as though such behavior is part of her personality. She does not feel guilty about it but for Torvald it is a major and fundamental issue.â€Å"It is better to have the world united than the world divided; but it is better to have the world divided than the world destroyed,† said Mr. Winston Churchill at the time of II World War. Similarly instead of destroying the family and the psyche of children, by endless misunderstandings, honorable separation is better!Amin Maalouf in his book, â€Å"Leo the African†, describes a poignant situation of the woman in the medieval society   thus: â€Å"Gaudy Sarah   came to see me†¦to sell amulets, bracelets, perfumes made from lemon, ambergris, jasmine and water lilies, and to tell fortunes†¦.without lifting her eyes, she said these words, which I remember to this day.‘For us, the women of Granada, freedom is a deceitful form of bondage, and slavery a subtle from of freedom. Then saying no more, she took out a tiny greenish stopper bottle from her wicker basket.‘Tonight, you must pour three drops of this elixir in to a glass of orgeat syrup, and offer it to your husband with your own hand. He will come to you like a butterfly towards the light. Do it again after three nights, and again after seven.†(Maalouf, 1994, p.6) For the sake of getting the attention of her husband, what abnormal steps the woman is compelled to take!Conclusion:Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen was born in 1828. The play was written in 1879. It was performed in London in 1889.Nearly thirteen decades after the play is written, the issues touched upon and discussed in the play are like the counseling sessions for the female gender, in today’s materialistic civilization, highly impacted by the industrial and internet revolutions.Women have taken great strides and have already caught up with men in several important areas. This need not be construed as the race between the male and female genders—rather it is the reality! Equality is the birthright of one and all.